节能灯用纳米氧化铝的制备与表征

论文编号:CL124  论文字数:16089,页数:31

摘    要
 氧化铝在许多工业领域已经得到了广泛的应用，在节能灯中可作为保护膜，其制备方法可分为固相法、气相法、液相法。溶胶-凝胶法是制备纳米粉末的重要技术之一，作为一种湿化学合成方法，具有设备简单、工艺易于控制、粉末纯度和均匀度高、成本低等优点。
 本文以异丙醇铝(Al(C3H7O)3)为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出γ型纳米氧化铝(γ-Al2O3)粉末。通过X射线衍射分析(XRD）观察物相、透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测颗粒表面形态，研究了去离子水量、反应温度，以及添加剂（硝酸、氟化氢铵、冰醋酸、氨水）等对纳米Al2O3粉体特征的影响及作用机理。
 研究结果表明，去离子水量对颗粒形貌和粒径有着重要影响，在相同摩尔比情况下，80℃粉体的分散性要好于60℃，通过溶胶-凝胶法制备水合氧化铝的最佳制备方法为：异丙醇铝和水的摩尔比为1:3，水解温度为80℃，醇铝相和水相同时滴加至异丙醇底液中，搅拌2h后静置24h凝胶，将水合氧化铝凝胶在90℃电热恒温箱干燥24h，形成干凝胶粉。不同改性剂对纳米氧化铝粉体的形貌以及分散性有较大的影响。

关键词：节能灯 γ-Al2O3  溶胶-凝胶法

ABSTRACT
 Alumina has been widely used in many industrial areas，it can be used as protection in energy-saving lamps, its preparation methods can be divided into solid-state, gas, liquid act. Sol - gel is one of the important technical prepared Nano-particles, as a wet chemical synthesis methods, with these advantegers simple equipment, technology easy to control,bettet purity and uniformity of prepared powder, and low cost.
     In this paper, isopropanol aluminum (Al(C3H7O)3) as raw materials, γ-nanometer alumina (γ-Al2O3) powder is prepared by sol - gel method . Phase identification was performed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), particle surface morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ,which is applied to research the impact of characteristics of nano-Al2O3 powder and mechanism by the deionized water, reaction temperature and additives (nitric acid, ammonium hydrogen fluoride, glacial acetic acid, ammonia, and so on ).    
 The results show that the deionized water has an important impact on the particle size and morphology ,in the same ratio circumstances, the dispersion of prepared powder at 80℃is better than at 60 ℃, the best Preparation of alumina hydrate by Sol - gel method:The molar ratio of Al isopropanol to water  is 1:3, hydrolysis temperature at 80 ℃, the same Aluminum of alcohol and water dropping to the end of isopropanol, stirring 2h then standing 24 h for gel, gel of hydrated alumina dry 24 h at electric incubators 90 ℃, which become dry powder gel. Used different modifier on the morphology of nano-aluminum powder and    dispersion  have a great impact. Key words: Energy-saving lamps; γ- Al2O3 ;Sol - gel

目  录
摘    要 I
ABSTRACT II
目  录 III
第一章  引言 1
1.1 纳米氧化铝的结构与应用 1
1.1.1 纳米氧化铝概述 1
1.1.2纳米氧化铝的结构 1
1.1.3 纳米氧化铝的应用 2
1.2 纳米氧化铝在节能灯的研究与应用现状 3
1.2.1 节能灯用纳米氧化铝的应用与基本要求 3
1.2.2 节能灯用纳米氧化铝的研究现状 4
1.2.3 节能灯用纳米氧化铝现存问题 4
1.3、纳米氧化铝的制备方法 4
1.3.1 固相法 4
1.3.2 气相法 6
1.3.3 液相法 7
1.4、纳米氧化铝制备存在的问题 10
1.5、立题依据与研究内容 10
1.5.1 水解温度的影响 11
1.5.2 胶溶剂的种类及其用量 11
1.5.3 加水量的影响 11
第二章 实验与测试过程 12
2.1 纳米氧化铝的制备步骤 12
2.2 实验方案和措施 13
2.3 纳米氧化铝样品的测试 14
第三章 实验结果与讨论 15
3.1去离子水量的影响 15
3.2温度的影响 16
3.3 添加剂的影响 20
第四章  结论 26
参考文献 27
致谢 28

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