协调贸易与环境：中国的对策

论文编号:GM645  论文字数:13072.页数:20

摘要
 加入WTO后，我国出口产品不断受到新贸易措施的阻碍和抵制，外贸出口额逐渐受到严重影响，同时我国国内环境也因发展贸易的需要而遭到一定程度的污染和破坏。对此，政府和企业及时采取应对措施是关键所在。
 基于贸易与环境既相互促进又相互冲突的关系，分析了我国现阶段在贸易与环境协调方面的有利局面和不利局面。进而指出，政府应充分发挥引导作用：首先，环保产业作为新的技术增长点，对于经济增长和环境保护具有双重促进作用，政府可通过技术创新和政策支持使其顺利发展壮大；其次，通过完善法规，加大执法力度，使经济贸易的环境管理有章可循、有法可依；再次，政府要积极应对绿色壁垒，这是最有效也是最重要的措施，通过加强环境标志认证工作、建立贸易壁垒预警和反应机制、培养专业人才、寻求贸易伙伴多元化可以消除绿色壁垒的限制，提高我国产品竞争力，扩大产品出口份额；另外，还可通过征收环境保护税、建立贸易和环境评估机制、加大环境保护宣传力度、加强国际合作等其他措施。
 企业作为防污主体，一方面，依靠科技进步，做到传统产品的技术改造和开发新产品相结合，以提高产品竞争力，在市场竞争中立于不败之地；另一方面，企业实行绿色管理和绿色营销，树立环保经营理念。绿色管理可实现资源的高度利用，促使经济、生态、社会和谐统一，而绿色营销，通过生产绿色产品、制定绿色价格、开展绿色促销、搜集绿色信息，达到减少污染或不污染环境的目的。
 政府和企业各司其职、各尽所能，才能使我国走上可持续发展道路。
 
关键词：贸易；环境； 政府；企业 
Balancing Trade and the Environment:
China’s Strategies
 
ABSTRACT
 After joining the WTO, our exports are increasingly blockaded and boycotted by the new trade measures. The amount of exports has been seriously affected and meanwhile, to some extent, our country’s environment has also been contaminated and destroyed because of the needs of developing the trade. So it’s important for the government and enterprise to adopt strategies in time to deal with these problems.
 On the base of the analysis about the interrelations between trade and the environment, and specially for their present situation in our country, it thinks that the government ought to  play a guiding role，Firstly, as a new technology growth point ,environmental protection industry has double promotion effect on both economic growth and environmental protection and the government can expand it successfully through technological innovation and policy hold -out ; Secondly, passing perfect law and regulation and increasing the intensity of law enforcement make economy trade’s environmental management has rules to follow and to go by; thirdly, as the most important and most effective measure, the government should deal with green barrier actively, reinforcing environmental label certification , building trade barrier early warning and reaction mechanism, fostering professionals and diversifying trade partners are able to remove the green barrier’s restrict , improve our product’s competition and expanding product outlet; In addition, we can adopt other measures such as collecting environmental protection tax, building trade and the environment appraising mechanism, enlarging environmental protection propagating dynamics, reinforcing a cooperation among nations.
 As the main body to prevent environmental pollution, on one hand, depending on the advance of science and technology, we can combine traditional technical transformation together with new product developing to improve product competition. On the other hand, enterprise sets up environmental protection manage idea by putting green administration and green marketing into practice. The green administration can achieve the effectively use of resources and promote harmonious of the economy, environment and the society. And green marketing, which includes producing green product, working out green price, carrying out green promotion, searching green information, can reach the purpose of cutting down the environment contamination or even no contaminations.
 The government and enterprise each tries its best to perform its own functions, which makes sure that our country walk up a path of sustainable development of social economy. 
 
KEYWORDS:  trade; environment; government; enterprise
目录
 
第一章 贸易和环境的相互关系 ..............................1
第一节 概述.................................................1
第二节 我国贸易和环境协调发展现状...................................1
一、有利局面........................................................1
二、不利局面........................................................2
第二章 政府应采取的措施...................................3
第一节 推动环保产业的发展...........................................3
一、技术创新............................................3
二、政策支持........................................................4
第二节 加强立法、执法工作.......................................5
一、完善法规........................................................5
二、加强执法........................................................6
第三节 积极应对贸易壁垒 ............................................6
一、加强环境标志认证工作............................................7
二、建立贸易壁垒预警和反应机制......................................8
三、培养专业人才....................................................9
四、寻求贸易伙伴多元化..............................................9
第四节 其他措施...............................................9
一、征收环境保护税 ................................................9
二、建立贸易和环境评估机制.........................................10
三、加大环境保护宣传力度...........................................10
四、加强国际合作...................................................10
第三章 企业应采取的措施..................................11
第一节 依靠科技创新，提高产品竞争力................................11
第二节 树立绿色环保经营理念........................................12
一、实行绿色管理...................................................12
二、实行绿色营销...................................................13
参考文献................................................15
致谢

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