焊缝射线图像检测技术研究

论文编号:TX212    附开题报告,任务书,外文翻译,PPT,论文字数:24902,页数:53

 摘  要
 本课题是针对某细长管道焊缝进行焊缝缺陷检测的，管道长5米，焊缝为直线缝。本项目的主要目的是建立一个焊缝缺陷自动检测系统，检测焊缝中存在的缺陷并自动评定缺陷的大小及位置，最后对焊缝进行评定与评级。根据课题的研创要求，结合模糊数学、数学形态学以及数字图像处理技术，力求寻找一种快速有效的缺陷实时增强、缺陷提取和缺陷分割的方法，使其在提取效果和处理速度上都获得令人满意的效果，最后实现该产品焊缝的自动检测。
 掌握焊缝射线图像的特点和相关降噪和增强技术理论及方法的基础上，理解选题的应用背景和技术背景，理解选题的意义，采用多种降噪和增强技术方法对焊缝射线图像进行处理，要求达到图像信噪比高，清晰度高，并分析比较效果；完成相应算法。
 
关键词 ：焊缝，射线，图像处理  
  
Weld-ray image detection technology research
Abstract
 This topic is aims at some tall and slender pipeline welded joint to carry on the welded joint flaw examination, manages the Daoist priest 5 meters, the welded joint for the straight line seam.This project main purpose establishes a welded joint flaw automatic detection system, examines flaw and automatic evaluation flaw size and position which in the welded joint exists, finally carries on the evaluation and the rating to the welded joint.Grinds according to the topic creates the request, the union fuzzy mathematics, mathematics morphology as well as the digital image processing technology, the endeavour seeks one kind of fast effective flaw real-time enhancement, the flaw extraction and the flaw division method, causes it all obtains the satisfying effect in the extraction effect and the processing speed, finally realizes this product welded joint automatic detection.
 The grasping welded joint beam image characteristic and the correlation noise reduction and the enhancement technology theory and in the method foundation, understood the selected topic the application background and the technical background, understood the selected topic the significance, uses many kinds of noise reduction and the enhancement technology method carries on processing to the welded joint beam image, requests to achieve the image signal-to-noise ratio is high, the clarity is high, and analyzes the comparison effect; Completes the corresponding algorithm 。
 
Key word：Welded joint，Beam，Imagery processing 

目 录
1  绪论 1
1.1  课题的研究背景 1
1.2  射线实时成像检测技术 2
1.3  焊缝射线检测图像处理的研究现状 3
1.4   论文章节安排 5
2  X-射线数字成像技术 6
2.1  X-射线成像基础 6
2.2   焊缝X-射线实时成像检测系统设计 6
2.2.1  X-射线数字成像系统 6
2.2.2  射线图像的放大 7
2.2.4  采集分辨率的计算 11
2.3  本章小结 11
3  焊缝图像的降噪与增强处理 12
3.1  射线图像的降质因素 12
3.1.1  X射线焊缝图像的特点 13
3.1.2  焊缝区域的获取 14
3.2  焊缝检测图像去噪处理 14
3.2.1  多帧平均去噪 14
3.2.2  焊缝检测图像空间平滑滤波 15
3.2.3  频域低通滤波 17
3.3  焊缝检测图像增强处理 18
3.3.1  灰度级线性拉伸 18
3.3.2  灰度级非线性拉伸 19
3.3.3  基于广义模糊算子的图像增强 20
3.4  本章小结 22
4  焊缝图像缺陷的提取与分割 23
4.1  焊缝检测图像的粗判 23
4.2  焊缝图像的减影处理 25
4.2.1  灰度曲线拟合及平滑滤波去除背景后的缺陷提取 25
4.2.2  基于数学形态学的背景模拟法 26
4.6  本章小结 29
5  焊缝缺陷分类及特征提取 30
5.1  焊缝内常见缺陷分类和焊缝质量分级 30
5.1.1  常见焊缝缺陷分类 30
5.1.2  焊缝质量分级 30
5.2  缺陷的影像特征分析[60-61] 31
5.3  用于缺陷识别的特征选择 34
5.3.1  特征选择依据和判断[62] 34
5.3.2基于专家知识的特征选择 35
5.4  边界跟踪 39
5.5  各种参数的定量计算方法 40
5.6  焊缝缺陷识别 41
5.7  本章小结 44
6  结论 45
参考文献 47
致  谢 51

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