UCOSII在FPGA上的移植

论文编号:TX002          论文字数:11962,页数:54

摘要

嵌入式系统是当今非常热门的研究领域,早期多以单片机为核心,应用领域非常广泛.但单片机系统功能比较简单,速度较慢,难以适应现代技术的快速发展.随着现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)技术的日益成熟,基于片上可编程系统(SOPC)的嵌入式处理器越来越多地受到人们的关注.特别是Altera公司推出的Nios II嵌入式处理器软核,通过软件编程的方法可灵活地实现嵌入式的功能,并且针对FPGA进行性能优化,可大大提高系统性能.它还具有片上调试功能,便于系统的设计和调试.随着芯片技术的发展,SOPC成为嵌入式系统设计的一个发展趋势,不同于桌面操作系统,嵌入式操作系统需根据特定的嵌入式应用及不同的处理器而进行移植和裁剪.针对目前越来越多的基于Nios的系统开发,我分析了新一代Nios内核处理器的结构特点.于是有了想法把μC/OS-II操作系统移植到SOPC上去.本课题的目的就是以UC/OS-II嵌入式实时操作系统内核为研究对象,实现在SOPC软核处理器Nios上的移植,我通过研究NiosII的相关手册及有关英文资料,做好针对性的记录,逐步掌握了开发的流程,并且通过反复的实验与调试,最终实现了UC/OS-II在SOPC上的移植与应用.

关键词: 嵌入式系统; SOPC; Nios; μcos;

Abstract

The Embedded System is a very popular study-feild nowadays, the earlier times taking MCU as core more, applying-field is very extensive.But MCU system function is more simple,hard to be suit with the rapidly developing of modern technique.With the increasingly mature of FPGA, SOPC'Embedded System is be pay attention to by more and more people.Especially the soft core of Nios II that company of Altera release, by the method of software weave distance can carry out the Embedded System function vividly, and carry on the function to FPGA excellent turn, can raise the system function consumedly.It still has the function of adjusting on chip, easy to adjust and design the system.With the technical development of chip, the SOPC becomes a development trend of embedded system design, differing from the table operation system, the embedded operation system needs to carry on transplanting and cutting according to particular embedded application and different processor.Aim at more and more currently developping according to the Nios system, analyzing the new generation Nios structure characteristics .Hence I had a thought to transplant the operation system of μ C/ OS- II to the SOPC. The purpose of this topic is with the UC/OS-II operation system as a object, carry out the transplantation in the SOPC soft core processor Nios. I studied the related manual and relevant English datas of  the NiosII, working well the record, and controled the process of the development gradually, and with the iterative experiment and adjusting, in the end caming ture the UC/OS-II'transplantation and the application on the SOPC.

Key Words: Embedded System; SOPC; Nios; μcos;

目录
摘要   1
Abstract   2
1 引言   5
2 概述   8
2.1 Nios II是一个用户可配置的通用RISC嵌入式处理器   8
2.1.1提高系统的性能   8
2.1.2 更低的系统成本   8
2.1.3应对产品的生命周期   8
2.1.4功能强大,易用的开发工具   9
2.1.5 使用完全功能的开发包   9
2.2 选题依据   9
2.2.1 选择μC／OS-II操作系统做为移植的操作系统   9
2.2.2 选择Alter公司推出的NiosII处理器   10
3 UC/OS-II的特点   12
3.1 公开源代码   12
3.2可移植性（Portable）   12
3.3可固化（ROMable）   12
3.4可裁剪（Scalable）   13
3.5占先式（Preemptive）   13
3.6多任务   13
3.7可确定性   13
3.8任务栈   13
3.9系统服务   14
3.10中断管理   14
3.11稳定性与可靠性   14
4 UC/OS-II移植的处理器所需的条件   15
5 建立NIOS的最小系  16
5.1 EDA的安装   16
5.2 建立niosII系统   16
5.2.1 建立项目   16
5.2.2 生成一个可调试的nios 最小系统   19
5.2.3在QuartusII中使用上述niosII系统   32
5.3 编写程序   33
5.4 编译整个项目   37
5.5下载与测试   38
6 UC/OS-II在NiosII上的移植  39
6.1 移植前提准备   39
6.1.1 硬件与软件   39
6.1.2 所需指南文件   39
6.2 移植UCOS-II的创建步骤     40
6.3 系统库设定   45
6.4 构建和运行Nios II软件设计   47
7 在UC/OS-II上的简单应用   50
8 结论   52
致谢   53
参考文献   54

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