基于单片机的超声波测距仪的设计与实现

论文编号:DZXX194  论文字数:14241,页数:39

摘要

 由于超声波指向性强，能量消耗缓慢，在介质中传播的距离较远，因而超声波经常用于距离的测量，如测距仪和物位测量仪等都可以通过超声波来实现。利用超声波检测往往比较迅速、方便、计算简单、易于做到实时控制。它是一种非接触式的检测方式，与其它方法相比，不受光线、被测对象颜色等影响。对于被测物处于黑暗、有灰尘、烟雾、有毒等恶劣的环境下有一定的适应能力。
 本文介绍了超声波测距的原理和方法。本次设计是以STC89C52RC单片机作为主控制器，用动态扫描法实现LED数字显示，超声波驱动信号用单片机的定时器完成。在介绍超声测距系统功能的基础上，提出了系统的总体构成。对测距系统发射、接收、检测、显示部分的总体设计方案进行了论证。

关键词：超声波，测距，STC89C52RC单片机，压电式超声波换能器

ABSTRACT
 
 Because the ultrasonic wave has the features, such as strong point, slow energy consumption and a long distance transmission in the medium, it always used for the distance measurement. Such as range finders and all level measurement can be achieved through the ultrasonic wave. Use of ultrasonic testing is often more rapid, convenient and simple terms, easy to achieve real-time control. It is a non-contact detection methods. Compared with other methods, it’s not influenced by light, color and other effects of the tested object. When the measured object in the dark, dusty, smoggy, toxic and other adverse circumstances, ultrasonic wave has a certain degree of adaptability.
 This text has mainly described the principle and method of ultrasonic range-finder. The design uses STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer as the main controller, the dynamic scanning method to achieve LED digital display, and single-chip timer to complete ultrasonic driving signals. Basing on introducing the function of ultrasonic ranging system, this thesis raises the overall composition of the system and also demonstrates the designed program including ranging system launch, receiving, testing, showed part.
 
 Keywords: Ultrasonic Wave, Measuring Distance, STC89C52RC Single-chip, Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer

 
目录

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 引言 1
 1.1选题背景及意义 1
 1.2超声波测距的优势 2
 1.3研究内容 3
第2章 方案比较与选择 4
 2.1方案一 4
 2.2方案二 5
 2.3方案选择 6
第3章 系统硬件电路设计 7
 3.1时钟振荡电路 7
 3.1.1概述 7
 3.1.2芯片STC89C52RC介绍 8
 3.2显示电路 9
 3.2.1概述 9
 3.2.2动态扫描原理 10
 3.2.3驱动介绍 10
 3.3超声波发射电路 11
 3.3.1概述 11
 3.3.2超声波传感器介绍 11
 3.3.3反向器74LS04介绍 13
 3.4超声波检测接收电路 14
 3.4.1概述 14
 3.4.2集成电路CX20106A 14
 3.5报警电路 16
第4章 系统软件设计 17
 4.1软件设计分析 17
 4.2软件设计思路 17
 4.2.1主程序 17
 4.2.2超声波发生子程序 18
 4.2.3超声波接收中断子程序 19
 4.2.4延时子程序 19
第5章 调试及误差分析 20
 5.1软件调试 20
 5.2软件烧录 21
 5.3实验结果 22
 5.4误差分析 23
 5.4.1温度误差 23
 5.4.2串扰问题 24
第6章 结束语 25
致谢 26
参考文献 27
附录一 硬件实物图 28
附录二 Proteus画的原理图 29
附录三 源代码 30

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