在单片机系统中实现SCR（可控硅）过零控制

论文编号:JD692  论文字数:19442,页数:49

摘  要

在当今的测量和控制系统中，老式的接触开关已逐步由SCR（可控硅）开关所取代。SCR开关的控制方式通常有两种，相位控制和过零（零电压、零电流）控制。本文介绍了利用可控硅过零控制方法，现场进行PID参数的整定后，在单片机系统中实现0~300℃的温度显示与控制。本文的设计实现了工频电压的正负过零检测，利用数字PID算法由单片机发出的控制电平控制门控电路，以控制SCR的过零触发脉冲数，保证了门控电路的打开时间正比于单片机输出控制量。同时，文中给出了温度测控系统的硬件电路设计和软件程序的编制及MATLAB仿真，重点介绍了可控硅的过零控制和PID参数整定。本设计的内容对老师的教学和同学的实验有一定的帮助。

关键词：SCR； PID；过零控制

The Thyristor with Control of Zero Crossover of The Voltage Base on Single-chip
Abstract

Now days in the measure and control system, the old style touch switch has been replaced by SCR gradually. Usually the control method of SCR has two kinds, phase control and zero crossover control ( the voltage of zero, the current of zero). This article introduces the design method with the SCR zero crossover, to be controlled in single chip microcomputer, so as to complement control and measure of temperature with the range of 0~300 ℃ and display the information on status. This article introduces how to determine the moment when the voltage passes the zero value, with the use of technology of the digital PID. The single chip microcomputer triggers the circuit of gate to set out the level of voltage to control the amount of times of thyristor connecting the heating circuit. After determining the parameters of digital PID required, called Zero Crossover control mode of thyristor. In result the opening time of triggered gate circuit is corresponding to the amount of control of the digital PID in analog PID, at the same time this unit present you the design of the hardware and software of the temperature measurement as well as the emulation using the universal software tool of MATLAB. The emphasis is on the thyristor with control of zero crossover of the voltage based on single chip microcomputer and the determent of the parameters of the digital PID.

Key words: SCR; PID; Control over the zero
 

目  录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
第1章 绪论……………………….…………………………………………………………1
第2章 单片机温度控制系统设计…………….…………………………………………2
2.1系统设计要求……………………………………………………………………… 2
2.2系统硬件设计……………………………………………………………………… 2
2.3系统软件设计……………………………………………………………………… 6
第3章 数字实现SCR（可控硅）过零控制……………………..………………………13
3.1 SCR（可控硅）结构及主要参数………………………………………………… 16
3.2单相交流调压电路的工作原理……….………………………………………… 18
3.3数字实现SCR的过零控制……………………………………………………… 20
第4章 数字PID调节器的设计…………...……………………………………………23
4.1PID调节器及其控制规律…….……………………………………………………23
4.2增量式PID控制算式………………………………………………………………25
4.3位置式PID控制算法……………...……………………………………………… 29
4.4PID位置算法中积分饱和与修正算法…………………………………………… 31
第5章 PID的参数整定及系统仿真……...…..……………………………………35
5.1采样周期的确定………...…………………………………………………………35
5.2凑试法确定PID调节参数的整定………...……………………………………… 36
5.3系统仿真………..………………………………………………………………… 39
结论………………………………………………………………………………………44
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………45

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………46

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