嵌入式深沟球轴承装配缺陷视觉检测系统硬件设计

论文编号:JD1027  论文字数:13745,页数:38，有开题报告，任务书，外文翻译，原理图

摘　要
 我国是世界第一大轴承生产国，轴承工业已成为国民经济的重要组成部分。但我国轴承的生产技术水平与国外相比，还存在较大差距，尤其体现在装配缺陷的自动检测及质量控制上。
 目前，轴承生产的自动化程度日益提高，传统的人工检测方式已难以保证产品的质量。机器视觉检测技术具有检测速度快、检测精度高、非接触等优点，将其应用于轴承装配缺陷的自动检测，可以有效的克服人工检测方式的不足，并提高轴承生产的生产效率与轴承的产品质量。视觉检测系统要完成轴承的在线检测，必须提高视觉图像的处理速度；采用数字信号处理器(DSP)能够很好的完成自动生产线上轴承装配缺陷的检测任务。
 在滚动轴承的自动装配过程中，铆钉和滚动体的漏装是最为常见的装配缺陷。本设计将针对这一问题，利用光源、CCD摄像头、DSP以及其它外围芯片开发出能够对轴承铆钉、滚动体装配情况进行自动检测的在线检测系统。该设计对系统光学照明技术、图像采集、视频解码芯片、DSP芯片等的选型做了分析，进而，设计出各个功能模块的电路图。本系统具有功能集成、结构简单、编程灵活的特点，满足了检测的实时性要求。本设计可望成为轴承生产企业解决滚动体、铆钉装配缺陷的检测技术甁颈的重要技术参考。

关 键 词：滚动轴承，视觉检测，装配缺陷，DSP，硬件设计
HARDWARE DESIGN OF EMBEDDED VISUAL DETECTION SYSTEM FOR DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING ASSEMBLY DEFECT
ABSTRACT
 China is the world's largest producer of bearings, the bearings industry has become an important economic component. But in comparison with foreign countries, there still exists a wide gap of the technology level of bearings production between ours and the foreign ones, especially in the automatic control and quality control of assembly defect.
 Currently, the degree of automation is increasing in bearings production, while the traditional manual method of detection is difficult to guarantee the quality of their product. The technology of machine vision detection with a speediness detection, high precision, non-contact advantages, will be applied to the automatic detection of bearing assembly, can effectively overcome the shortcomings of artificial detection way, improve the efficiency and quality of production. Visual detection system have to complete on-line detection of bearing, so that we have to improve the visual image processing speed; Digital signal processor (DSP) can be well complete the detection task for bearing in automatic production line.
 The leakage of rivets and rolling balls are the most common assemble defects in the automatic assembly process. In response to this problem, the design will developed an online automatic testing system for detecting the leakage of rivets and rolling balls, by using lamp-house, CCD camera, DSP chip and other external chips. The design made analysis about lighting techniques, image acquisition, video decoder chips, the selection of DSP chip, further, designing some functional circuit module. The system has integrated function, simple structure, flexible programming features to satisfy the demand of real-time detection. The design is expected to be an important technical reference for resolving the technology bottle-neck of detecting the missing rivets and rolling balls in bearings enterprises.
KEY WORDS: rolling bearing, visual inspection, assembly defect, DSP, hardware design

目　录
前　言 1
第1章 绪论 3
1.2　视觉检测技术的国内外发展状况 4
1.2.1　轴承检测机器视觉系统的实施方案 4
1.2.2  两类系统方案的对比 5
1.3　嵌入式系统的特点及组成 5
1.4　嵌入式视觉检测系统硬件设计流程 6
1.4.1  检测要求及所要达到的技术指标 6
1.4.2　检测系统设计流程图 7
1.5　本设计论文的主要工作 8
第2章 嵌入式视觉检测系统硬件总体设计 9
2.1　嵌入式视觉检测系统硬件设计方案 9
2.1.2　嵌入式视觉检测系统的总体结构 10
2.2  嵌入式视觉检测系统工作流程 12
第3章　嵌入式视觉检测系统硬件模块设计 13
3.1　光源与照明方式的设计 13
3.1.1　光源的选择 13
3.1.2   LED光源的特点 13
3.2　镜头的选择 14
3.3　CCD摄像头的选用 14
3.3.1　摄像头的主要传感部件CCD简介 14
3.3.2  IL-P3-B线阵CCD 15
3.4　视频解码芯片的选择 16
3.4.1　视频解码芯片TLC5540的介绍 16
3.4.2　A/D转换电路 17
3.5　FIFO器件的运用 18
3.6　基于CPLD的数字逻辑电路设计 19
3.6.1 可编程逻辑芯片EPM7128S简介 19
3.7　DSP系统的电路设计 20
3.7.1　DSP芯片的选用 20
3.7.2　电源电路的设计 22
3.7.3　时钟电路的选择与设计 22
3.7.4　DSP芯片的硬件复位电路设计 23
3.7.5　JTAG电路设计 24
3.8  DSP存储器扩展 25
3.8.1　外扩数据存储器 25
3.8.2　外扩程序存储器 26
结　论 28
参考文献 29
致　谢 31
附　录 32

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