浅析药品专利权与公共健康权的关系

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[内容摘要]

目前，全球公共健康形势十分严峻。药品专利的国际性保护对发达国家和发展中国家的公共健康产生了重要影响。公共健康危机（疾病）的解决依赖于人们研发出来的新药，而药品专利保护制度又对新药的研发有着至关重要的作用。高水平的知识产权保护使得受专利保护的药品价格相对较高，人们无法有效的购买得起药品，同时，对于新药研发机构来说，新药尤其是治疗罕见病或者严重流行性传染病的新药的研制开发必须投入大量的人力、物力、财力，必须耗费大量的时间和创造性劳动力，才有成功的可能，因为公共健康危机的出现，耗费了巨大成本研制出来的新药被人仿制，发明人没有得到回报，或者成本都没有收回，那么将严重打击发明人的创造积极性。这就使得作为私权的药品专利权和作为人权的公共健康权之间的关系越来越受到人们的广泛关注。

[关键词]药品专利权 公共健康权 利益平衡 TRIPS

On the Relationship of Medicine Patent and Public Health
Abstract
Now, the global public health situation is very serious. The international protection of medicine patent has an important influence on public health of developed and developing countries. The solution of public health crisis depends on new-produced medication and the protecting regulation of medicine patent has an great effect on new medicine development. The high level of intellectual proper protection made the medicine protected by patent worth a higher price, so people can’t afford the medicine effectively. At the same time, regarding the new medicine research and development organization，especially the new drug ,witch treats the rare sickness or the serious epidemic infectious diseases, must to be putting in a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, we must spend a lot of time and creative labor force, likely to be successful. Because of the appearance of public health crisis, new medicine whose development takes vast cost are modeled, inventors couldn’t be paid back, or couldn’t even get their cost back, which will hit inventors creative enthusiasm. The made the relationship between medicine monopoly as personal rights and public health right as human rights gained so wide attention gradually.

Key words：Public Health   Medicine Patent   Values Balancing   TRIPS  

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