浅论我国违宪审查专责机构的构建

论文编号:FX008  包括:开题报告,中英文摘要,论文,目录,文献综述,任务书,答辩,中期检查表,等   论文字数:13103,页数:17

摘    要
      宪法是国家的根本大法,依法治国的根本是依宪治国，依法办事首先应当依宪办事。不重视宪法的作用,就会丢失立国的根本,不树立宪法的权威,就难以树立法律的权威。要树立宪法的权威性和最高性,则不仅要求宪法要有完善的规定,更需要有效的保障实施的措施，违宪审查制度就是监督宪法实施的最有力的措施之一，而我国至今为止仍没有建立一个专门的违宪审查机构。本文总结了我国现行宪法监督制度的得失，希望在总结和借鉴外国先进模式的基础上对我国的违宪审查制度进行改革，试图创建一个适合我国国情的违宪审查机构——宪法法院。
本文一共分为三个部分，第一部分阐述了我国违宪审查模式的现状与不足，并列举了宪法学界关于构建违宪审查机构的几种代表性观点。第二部分充分阐述了建立违宪审查机构的必要性和可行性，进而论证目前我国建立违宪审查专责机构的必然性。第三部分则提出了自己在违宪审查机构的构建上的见解，即建立宪法法院行使违宪审查权，并对宪法法院的性质、地位、组成、职权等进行了设计。

关键词：违宪审查，违宪审查机构，宪法法院

On China's Constitutional Review dedicated the building 

Abstract   

       The Constitution is the country's fundamental law, rule by constitution is  the foundation of rule by law, Developing the function of law should first act in accordance with    constitution .We not attach importance to the role of the constitution , you will lose the foundation of nation-building ,and it will be difficult to build up the law’s authority .To want to build up the authority and the highest status of the constitution, while the constitution requires not only a perfect regulation ,and the measures of effective ensured implementation . The system of unconstitutional reviewing is the most powerful one of measures supervising the constitution’s implementation , but up to now China hadn’t builded up a special unconstitutional review body yet . This article summed up the gains and losses of China’s current constitutional supersision system , hoping that reforming China’s constitutional reviewing system on the basis of summing up and learning from foreign advanced model and trying to create effective unconstitutional reviewing organization which is suitable for China’s national condition —the Constitution Court .    This thesis has three parts .The first part expounds the current status and inadequate of china’s unconstitutional reviewing model , and cites several representative views of constitutional scholars on the constitution of unconstitutional reviewing body , and further demonstrates the neccessing of building up a special unconstitutional reviewing body. The third part raises my viewpoint on building up unconstitutional reviewing body , that is to say estable constitution court to fulfill the right of unconstitutional reviewing and design the nature, status, composition of constitutional court and so on.   Key words: constitutional review, unconstitutional review body, the Constitutional CourtOn China's Constitutional Review dedicated the building  Abstract    The Constitution is the country's fundamental law, rule by constitution is  the foundation of rule by law, Developing the function of law should first act in accordance with    constitution .We not attach importance to the role of the constitution , you will lose the foundation of nation-building ,and it will be difficult to build up the law’s authority .To want to build up the authority and the highest status of the constitution, while the constitution requires not only a perfect regulation ,and the measures of effective ensured implementation . The system of unconstitutional reviewing is the most powerful one of measures supervising the constitution’s implementation , but up to now China hadn’t builded up a special unconstitutional review body yet . This article summed up the gains and losses of China’s current constitutional supersision system , hoping that reforming China’s constitutional reviewing system on the basis of summing up and learning from foreign advanced model and trying to create effective unconstitutional reviewing organization which is suitable for China’s national condition —the Constitution Court .    This thesis has three parts .The first part expounds the current status and inadequate of china’s unconstitutional reviewing model , and cites several representative views of constitutional scholars on the constitution of unconstitutional reviewing body , and further demonstrates the neccessing of building up a special unconstitutional reviewing body. The third part raises my viewpoint on building up unconstitutional reviewing body , that is to say estable constitution court to fulfill the right of unconstitutional reviewing and design the nature, status, composition of constitutional court and so on.   Key words: constitutional review, unconstitutional review body, the Constitutional Court On China's Constitutional Review dedicated the building  Abstract    The Constitution is the country's fundamental law, rule by constitution is  the foundation of rule by law, Developing the function of law should first act in accordance with    constitution .We not attach importance to the role of the constitution , you will lose the foundation of nation-building ,and it will be difficult to build up the law’s authority .To want to build up the authority and the highest status of the constitution, while the constitution requires not only a perfect regulation ,and the measures of effective ensured implementation . The system of unconstitutional reviewing is the most powerful one of measures supervising the constitution’s implementation , but up to now China hadn’t builded up a special unconstitutional review body yet . This article summed up the gains and losses of China’s current constitutional supersision system , hoping that reforming China’s constitutional reviewing system on the basis of summing up and learning from foreign advanced model and trying to create effective unconstitutional reviewing organization which is suitable for China’s national condition —the Constitution Court .    This thesis has three parts .The first part expounds the current status and inadequate of china’s unconstitutional reviewing model , and cites several representative views of constitutional scholars on the constitution of unconstitutional reviewing body , and further demonstrates the neccessing of building up a special unconstitutional reviewing body. The third part raises my viewpoint on building up unconstitutional reviewing body , that is to say estable constitution court to fulfill the right of unconstitutional reviewing and design the nature, status, composition of constitutional court and so on.   Key words: constitutional review, unconstitutional review body, the Constitutional Court 

目        录
摘 要 ……………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT  ………………………………………………………………III
引  言  …………………………………………………………………1
一、我国违宪审查的现状及不足  ……………………………………2
（一）透过孙志刚事件来看违宪审查    …………………………………2
（二）我国现行宪法关于违宪审查模式的规定    ………………………2
（三）现行违宪审查模式存在的问题  ……………………………………3
1. 违宪审查的程序不完善  ………………………………………………………3
2. 没有一个合理的违宪制裁机制…………………………………………………4
3. 违宪审查在实效上缺乏经常性和高效性  ……………………………………4
4. 违宪审查范围具有片面性  ……………………………………………………5
5. 违宪审查主体不明确    ………………………………………………………5
二、我国设立违宪审查专责机构的必要性和可行性  ………………8
（一）违宪审查机构的建立是市场经济发展的需要  ……………………8
（二）违宪审查机构的建立公民为维护自身权力的需要  ………………8
（三）违宪审查机构的建立是维护宪法和法律权威的需要  ……………9
（四）违宪审查机构的建立是促进权力制衡的需要  ……………………9
（五）建设法治国家方略为宪政建设创造了良好的政治环境……………10
三、构建具有中国特色的违宪审查专责机  …………………………11
（一）从国情出发建立违宪审查机构………………………………………11
（二）宪法法院的框架构建…………………………………………………11
1.宪法法院的性质与地位 ……………………………………………………………11
2.宪法法院的组成   …………………………………………………………………12
3.宪法法院的职权   …………………………………………………………………12
4.宪法法院的审查方式和审查程序   ………………………………………………13
5.宪法法院的审查效力及违宪制裁机制的设立   …………………………………13
结  论  …………………………………………………………………15
参考文献  ………………………………………………………………16
致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………17

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