液压综合试验台设计

论文编号:JX397  论文字数:19154.页数:41

摘   要

随着液压工业的发展，液压技术在各种机械中发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于液压系统的组成、功能愈益复杂，因而发生故障的几率也随之增多。液压设备的缺点之一就是出现故障不易查找原因。而检测液压元件性能参数的试验设备多为性能单一的液压试验台，而且一般为液压件生产厂家和研究所专用,这样对液压系统的故障诊断带来很大的不便。从使用方面看，一旦液压系统发生故障，常常需要检测多种液压元件的技术指标，而性能单一的试验台不能快速有效地找出故障的部位和根源以达到及时修理的目的。针对以上问题，我们设计了一种液压综合试验台。
本文根据设计要求进行了综合试验台系统的设计。通过对系统原理图的设计，说明了液压综合试验台的工作原理；根据对液压泵、液压阀、油管等液压元件的选择和计算，确定了所需液压元件的型号及尺寸；为了改进和完善系统，本文还对系统压力损失和发热温升进行了验算；此外，通过对系统发热量计算，完成了对加热器和冷却器的选择；通过对带传动设计和轴的结构设计、校核，完成了对泵站的设计。本试验台可以分别测试液压泵、液压缸和液压阀的性能参数，与专用试验台相比，具有一机多用的优点。此外，本试验台结构简单紧凑，操作方便，测试简单、可靠。
关键词：液压系统；试验台；液压元件；故障诊断

Abstract

With the development of the hydraulic pressure industry, hydraulic pressure technology plays a more and more important role in each kind of machine. Since the composition and the function of hydraulic system are complex, troubles increasingly turn up .One of hydraulic equipment shortcomings is that searching the reason is not easy while the trouble is expected to be exist. However, the test equipments for examining the performance parameter of hydraulic pressure parts are often the performance sole hydraulic pressure test platform, and it is generally used by the factory and the research institute for the hydraulic pressure special-purpose, which makes the hydraulic system breakdown diagnosis more inconvenient. Looking from the use aspect, once the hydraulic system breaks down, we need to examine the many kinds of hydraulic pressure part the technical specification, but the performance sole test platform can not fastly effectively discover the spot and the root of the breakdown to repair the goal. For the purpose above, we have designed one kind of hydraulic pressure comprehensive test platform.
This article designed the synthesized test platform by the mission. Designing the system schematic diagram explained the work principle of  the hydraulic pressure synthesized test platform; According to the design of hydraulic pump, hydraulic valve, drill tubing choice and the computation, determined the model and the size of the hydraulic pressure part; In order to improving  the consummation system, this article also carried on to test the system pressure loss and temperature increment; In addition, through the system calorific capacity computation, completed to choose the heater and the chiller ; Through designing the belt transmission and the axis structural, this article completed to the design of pumping station. This test platform may separately test performance parameter of the hydraulic pump, the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic valve. Compares with the special-purpose test platform, it has a-machine-multipurpose merit. In addition, its structure is simple, and the operation is easy, testing is simple and reliable.
Key word: hydraulic system； test platform；hydraulic pressure part；
failure diagnosis

目  录
引言 1
1  绪论 3
1.1 液压系统的组成与特点 3
1.1.1液压系统的组成 3
1.1.2液压系统的特点 3
1.2 液压系统故障诊断技术 4
1.2.1液压故障的主观诊断技术 4
1.2.2液压故障的数学模型诊断技术 6
1.2.3液压故障的智能诊断技术 6
1.2.4液压系统故障诊断技术的发展趋势 9
1.3 液压试验台的组成 9
2  系统原理图的设计 10
3  元件的计算和选择 11
3.1 动力元件的选择 11
3.2 液压元件的选择 12
3.2.1 阀类元件的选择 12
3.2.2仪表的选择 13
3.2.3液压油的选择 13
3.3 管件的选择 14
3.3.1油管的种类 14
3.3.2油管的选择和计算 15
3.4 油箱的设计 16
3.4.1油箱的结构 16
3.4.2油箱的容量 18
3.5 过滤器的选择 18
4  液压系统性能的验算 19
4.1 系统压力损失计算 19
4.2系统发热温升的验算 21
4.3 加热器的选择 22
4.4 冷却器的选择 24
5  泵站的设计与计算 25
5.1 传动部件的设计 25
5.1.1传动方案设计 25
5.2.2带传动设计 26
5.2  轴的设计 29
5.2.1轴的结构设计 29
5.2.2轴的设计计算 30
5.2.3轴的强度计算 32
6  系统的使用说明 36
6.1 液压泵的性能测试 36
6.2 液压缸的性能测试 36
6.3 液压阀的性能测试 37
7  结论 39
谢 辞 40
参考文献 41

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