卧式车床C6132主轴箱设计

论文编号:JX408  包括设计图,实习报告,外文翻译,答辩PPT,说明书字数:15017.页数:48

摘      要

车床是机械制造中使用最广泛的一类机床，主要用于加工各种回转表面（如：内外圆柱面、圆锥面、环槽、回转体成型面等）和回转体的端面，有些车床还能加工螺纹。在一般机器制造厂中，由于大多数零件都具有回转表面，同时车床本身的万能性强，使用的刀具简单，所以车床在金属切削机床中所占的比重较大。而在所有的车床类机床中，以卧式车床的应用最为广泛。因为卧式车床的工艺范围相当广泛，可以车削内外圆柱面、圆锥面、环形槽、回转体成型面，车削端面和各种常用的公制、英制、模数制、径节制螺纹，还可以进行钻中心孔、钻孔、扩孔、铰孔、攻螺纹、套螺纹和滚花等工作。本文阐述了一个12级转速的C6132卧式车床主轴箱的设计过程，主轴箱用以支撑主轴并使之旋转。主轴为空心结构，其前端外锥面安装三爪卡盘等附件来夹持工件，前端内锥面用来安装顶尖，细长孔可穿入长棒料，箱内只有一级变速，其主轴变速机构安放在远离主轴的单独变速箱中，以减小变速箱中的传动件产生的振动和热量对主轴的影响。

关键词：卧式车床，主轴，主轴箱，卸荷带轮

ABSTRACT

The abstract lathe is in the machine manufacture uses a most widespread kind of engine bed, mainly uses in processing each kind of rotation surface (for example: In the outer annulus cylinder, the circular conical surface, the ring groove, the solid of revolution formation surface and so on) and the solid of revolution end surface, some lathes also can process the thread. In common machine shop, because the majority components all have the rotation surface, simultaneously lathe itself multi-purpose is strong, the use cutting tool is simple, therefore the lathe occupies in the metal-cutting machine tool the proportion is big. But in all lathe class engine bed, is most widespread by the horizontal lathe application. Because the horizontal lathe craft scope is quite widespread, may in the turning the outer annulus cylinder, the circular conical surface, the ring channel, the solid of revolution formation surface, the turning end surface and each kind of commonly used metric system, the British system, the mold notational system, the pitch system thread, but also may carry on drills the center bore, the drill hole, the broaching, reams, work and so on tapping, wrap thread and knurling. This article elaborated a 12 level of rotational speed C6132 horizontal lathe headstock design process, the headstock uses to support the main axle and to cause it revolving. The main axle is the hollow structure, appendices and so on its front end male cone installment three support on both sides the work piece, front end in the conical surface uses for to install the apex, the tall and slender hole may penetrate the long good material, in the box only then the level speed change, its main axle gearshift mechanism imposition in is far away the main axle in the independent gear box, reduces the vibration and the quantity of heat which in the gear box the biography moving parts produce to the main axle the influence.

Keywords ：The horizontal lathe ,  The main axle,  The headstock,
             Discharges the band pulley

目录

设计任务书   …………………………………………………………………… 1
前言   …………………………………………………………………………… 2
摘要   …………………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
ABSTRACT   …………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

一、主传动系统的设计   ……………………………………………………… 1
二、电动机的选用   …………………………………………………………… 5
三、齿轮齿数的确定   ………………………………………………………… 6
四、传送带的选用   …………………………………………………………… 8
五、各齿轮主要参数的确定   ………………………………………………… 11
（一）确定各齿轮的压力角   ………………………………………………… 11
（二）确定各齿轮的模数   …………………………………………………… 11
（三）验算各齿轮的模数   …………………………………………………… 12
（四）确定各齿轮齿宽等常用参数   ………………………………………… 17
（五）齿轮常见的实效形式   ………………………………………………… 21
六、主轴的设计计算   ………………………………………………………… 23
（一）主轴结构参数的选定   ………………………………………………… 23
（二）主轴的验算   …………………………………………………………… 25
1、主轴弯曲刚度的验算  ……………………………………………………… 25
2、主轴扭转刚度的验算  ……………………………………………………… 28
七、主轴组件   ………………………………………………………………… 30
（一）主轴组件的设计要求   ………………………………………………… 30
（二）主轴轴承的配置形式   ………………………………………………… 30
（三）主轴轴承的预紧   ……………………………………………………… 31
（四）滚动轴承的主要失效形式   …………………………………………… 32
（五）主轴轴承寿命的校核   ………………………………………………… 32
（六）主轴轴承的润滑和密封   ……………………………………………… 34
1、主轴滚动轴承的润滑  ……………………………………………………… 34
2、主轴组件的密封  …………………………………………………………… 35
八、材料及热处理   …………………………………………………………… 36
（一）各传动轴的材料及热处理   …………………………………………… 36
（二）主轴的材料及热处理   ………………………………………………… 36
（三）齿轮的材料及热处理   ………………………………………………… 32
（四）带轮的材料   …………………………………………………………… 37
九、提高机床组件性能的措施   ……………………………………………… 38
（一）提高机床刚度的措施   ………………………………………………… 38
（二）提高机床主轴组件性能的措施   ……………………………………… 38
1、提高主轴的旋转精度  ……………………………………………………… 38
2、提高主轴组件的刚度  ……………………………………………………… 38
3、提高主轴组件的抗震性  …………………………………………………… 39
4、减少主轴组件的热变形  …………………………………………………… 39
参考文献   ……………………………………………………………………… 40
结束语   ………………………………………………………………………… 41

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