客家文化与太平天国——从宗教和制度的层面探析

论文编号:LS047  论文字数:10354,页数:13

客家文化与太平天国——从宗教和制度的层面探析
摘要
 太平天国运动发源于广西客家社会，领袖人物大都是客家人，由于种种原因，在这场运动中深深地刻上了客家文化的烙印。其中“降僮”一直是客家人的一种习俗，拜上帝教中的“天父天兄下凡”直接从客家传统文化中演变过来；拜上帝教源于西方，而能在天平天国中被客家人迅速接受，其原因在于客家人把自身的心理需要寄托在拜上帝教中。除此之外，《天朝田亩制度》中“凡天下田天下人同耕”体现了客家人对土地的渴望；以及“二十五家中设礼拜堂一、两司马居之”的规定与客家祖堂在客家聚落中的地位又是吻合的。这些都充满着客家文化影子，无不体现了客家文化与太平天国之间密切的联系。
 
关键词：  客家文化;   太平天国;   拜上帝教;  天朝田亩制度

 Hakka Culture and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Abstract
 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement originated in Hakka society in GuangXi province that the leaders were mostly Hakka. For kinds of reasons, there were deeply engraved Hakka culture marks in the movement. One of them is ‘jiangtong’,which has always been a Hakka custom and the thought of ‘heavenly father and brother descend to the world’ by the worship of God directly evolved from the Hakka traditional culture.  The worship of God from the West and the reason it has been accepted rapidly by Hakka is that Hakka put their psychological needs on it. Besides, ‘where the people is there the fields is’ of the ‘Heavenly Land System’ reflects the desire for land of Hakka and the rules of ‘where 25 places set up a treasury and a chapel that one or two of Sima sit in’ dovetailed nicely with the Hakka ancestor temple located position. These are filled with the shadow of the Hakka culture and give expression to the close ties between the Hakka Culture and Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
   Key words：Hakka Culture , Taiping Heavenly Kingdom , God directly evolved , Heavenly Land System

 目录
前言……………………………………………………………………………………1
一 太平天国与客家文化的概述 ……………………………………………………1
 （一） 客家话与太平天国文书 …………………………………………………1
 （二）客家传统民居文化…………………………………………………………2
 （三）客家人人生礼俗在太平天国中的盛行……………………………………2
二 太平天国宗教的客家化…………………………………………………………2
（一）从“降僮”到“天父天兄下凡”…………………………………………3
 （二）客家人对拜上帝教的接受…………………………………………………4
三《天朝田亩制度》中的客家文化因素……………………………………………6
 （一）均田纲领—客家人对土地的渴望…………………………………………6
 （二）礼拜堂—客家祖堂（宗祠）的变异 ………………………………………8
四小结………………………………………………………………………………9

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………9

参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………10

注释 …………………………………………………………………………………12

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