纳米材料ZnO材料的表征及制备

论文编号:SW133  论文字数:14784,页数:35

摘要：本论文研究了半导体纳米微晶随其尺寸的减小，显示出与体材料截然不同的特异性质。在超高速的光运算、光开关、光信息存储以及发光显示领域具有广阔的应用前景。
 本实验发展了溶剂热/水热法制备ZnO纳米材料的技术，并进行了各种分析和表征。论文主要内容和结果如下:
 1 以硫代硫酸钠、醋酸锌为反应物，利用水热的方法制备纳米材料时发现形貌丰富的ZnO枝蔓晶结构，产物兼有花瓣状纳米线和纳米叶片形貌。用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论解释了ZnO晶体的这种生长现象，一定的温度和压力是形成枝蔓晶结构的必要条件。          
 2 利用AAO为初始材料，在14w%稀硫酸中浸渍不同时间以得到花瓣状等不同形貌的氧化铝。AAO模板特殊结构和组成造成的择优溶解是不同形貌纳米氧化铝纤维形成的主要原因。单胞壁上的缺陷和单胞相连处的小孔是腐蚀和松散作用易于发生的地方，这是形成多种形貌的原因。

关键词：阳极氧化铝（AAO）；ZnO；十二烷基硫醇；水浴

The Preparation and Characterization of ZnO nanomaterials

Abstract: This article we discess the problem of Semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit outstanding properties totally different from those of the bulk materials due to the quantum size effect. The nanocrystals may find prospective application in many fields, such as high-speed optical calculation, optical switch,optical display and optical information storage.
 In this dissertation,olvothermallhydrothermal methods have been developed father to prepare ZnO nanomaterials and a lot of characterizations have also been done. The detail is listed as following:
 1  When the ZnO powders were synthesized by hydrothermal salt solution under high pressure, it can be found that it formed the shape like dendrite crystal, leaf crystal and sawtooth caystal. The formation of the orientation adhesion and dendrictic crystals of ZnO nanocrystallites was studied. The orientation adhesion of nanocrystallites and thedendritic crystals formed by connection of crystallites were discussed by the growthunit model of anionic coordination polyhedrons.
 2  Without any other support during etching in dilute phosphoric acid aqueous solutions (18wt%)，alumina nano-tubes, nano-belts and nano-wires were fabricated from AAO under different etching times.Besides the etching effect of phosphoric acid on the structure, aloosening effect also occurs along the boundaries of the colloidbundles.Because of the incorporation  of  acid  anions  duringanodization, the composition of the individual cell wall is affected andthree different layers formed. Therefore, the etching rates of differentlayers of the cell wall are influenced, which leads to the formation of vamous nano-structures.

Keywords:  AAO； ZnO； Hydrothermal； Solvothermal

目  录

中文摘要： I
英文摘要： II
目  录 III
1. 绪论 1
 1.1  前言 1
 1.2  纳米材料的组成，结构，性质和应用前景 1
1.3  纳米材料的制备方法 7
1.4  重要的表面活性剂 10
1.5  氧化锌简介 12
2. 实验部分 15
2.1   AAO模板的制备 15
2.2  纳米氧化锌的制备及结构研究 17
3. 结果与讨论 20
3.1  阳极电压对AAO孔径的影响 20
3.2  十二硫醇对ZnO制备的影响 21
4. 总结与展望 25
致谢 26
参考文献： 27

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