摘   要
摘要：露易莎.梅.奥尔科特，是美国作家，生于1832年，卒与1888年。她是“康科德的圣人”A.布朗森·奥尔科特的女儿。早期生活在一个高级知识分子和文人的环境中，很自然地在她还很年轻的时候就从事了写作。《小妇人》是露易莎写的小说，于1868年9月30日出版。它的故事情节简单真实，但感人至深，问世一百多年以来，多次被搬上银幕，并被翻译成各种文字，成为世界宝库中的经典名著。本论文通过对马奇家四姐妹在走向成熟过程中的种种感情体验和生活经历的描述分析了她们不同的人物性格；同时也提出了影响她们性格的因素。通过本论文的分析，我们可以看到小说中所提倡的善良、忠诚、无私、慷慨、尊重、宽容、坚韧、勇敢。这些也是人类永远尊崇和追求的美德和信仰。
关键词：露易莎.梅.奥尔科特；《小妇人》；人物性格；影响因素
  

Abstract
Abstract: Louisa May Alcott was an American writer who was born in 1832 and died in 1888. She was the daughter of A. Brousen Alcott. At early time she lived in the environment of senior intellectual and literati. So it was natural for her to begin to do writing when she was young. Little Women is a novel by Louisa published in 1868, concerning the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. The story is simple, but touching. In the past more than 100 years, it was filmed for several times and translated into different kinds of languages. It is one of the world’s classic works. By describing the four girls’ being mature experience and life experience, this paper analyzes the different characters of the four March girls and also analyzes the factors that influence their characters. Through the paper, we can see the kindness, loyalty, selflessness, generosity, respect, tolerance, perseverance and courage promoted in the book. They are also the virtues and beliefs that people always respect and pursuit.
Key Words: Louisa May Alcott; Little Women, characteristics, factors
   
目  录
前言  …………………………………………………………………………………………1
1．具体描述希思克利夫的人性扭曲   ……………………………………………………3
1.1残忍的复仇   ……………………………………………………………………………3
1.2虐待 ………………………………………………………………………………………4
2．导致希思克利夫人性扭曲的原因  ………………………………………………………5
2.1希思克利夫的出身背景 …………………………………………………………………5
2.2社会的不公正   …………………………………………………………………………6
2.3爱的背叛给希思克利夫的致命打击   …………………………………………………7
3．探究希思克利夫人性扭曲的结果  ………………………………………………………8
3.1破坏自己的品质   ………………………………………………………………………8
3.2自我毁灭   ………………………………………………………………………………9
4．结尾 ………………………………………………………………………………………10
参考文献 ……………………………………………………………………………………11
附录   ………………………………………………………………………………………12
致谢   ………………………………………………………………………………………13

CONTENT
Introduction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1)
1. Different Characters of Four March Girls--------------------------------------------------- (3)
1.1. The first Daughter Meg March’s Character ----------------------------------------------------(3)
1.2. Boyish Jo March’s Character---------------------------------------------------------------------(5)
1.3. The Third Daughter Beth’s Character------------------------------------------------------------(8)
The Youngest Daughter Amy March’s Character--------------------------------------------- (8)
2．The Factors that Affect Four Girls’ Characters----------------------------- (9)
2.1． 。。。。
2.2．。。。。
2.3．。。。。
3. Conclusion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (11)
Bibliography ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (12)
Notes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (13)
Acknowledgement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (14)

Introduction
 Wuthering Heights has long been one of the most popular and highly-regarded novels in English literature. However, Emily Bronte (1818—1848), left to us only this novel and some poems. No letters or diaries help us understand her creative ideas, so it is very difficult to analyze this novel. Wuthering Heights is a riddle to many readers, and it is difficult to understand and easy to get misled.
  Emily Bronte lived an eccentric, closely-guarded life. Her father worked as a church rector, and her aunt was deeply religious. Emily Bronte did not take her aunt’s Christian fervor; in fact, she was deeply influenced by mysticism of cosmology and soul view. She treated human religion coldly. The Brontes lived in Haworth, a Yorkshire village in the midst of the moors. These wild made up Emily’s daily environment, and she lived among them her entire life. Charlotte Bronte once commented on Emily Bronte’s life, “My sister’s disposition was not naturally gregarious: circumstances favored and fostered her tendency to seclusion; except to go to church or take a walk on the hills, she rarely crossed the threshold of home. Though her feeling for the people around was benevolent, intercourse with them she never sought; nor, with very few exceptions. And she knows them.”1 It is common-place to say that she is sphinx-like in her remoteness, “Stronger than a man, simpler than a child, her nature stood alone.”2
 Wuthering Heights is an extraordinary novel. From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man, abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters because he is a poor person. As a love story, the novel is one of the most intense, the most beautiful and the most horrible, ever to be found possible in human begins. Emily Bronte’s novel was acknowledged as a work of strange power and energy, and was also found to be dangerously “excessive”. That is why most of the Victorian readers found the book shocking in its depiction of passionate, ungoverned love and cruelty. They said that the terrible, disgusting novel should be renamed “Withering Heights”. Even Charlotte Bronte remained ambivalent toward unapologetic intensity of her sister’s novel. In a preface to the book, which she wrote shortly

after Emily Bronte’s death, Charlotte Bronte stated, “Whether it is right or advisable to create being like Heathcliff, I do not know. I scarcely think it is.”3 So it seems once this novel’s literary value is confirmed, the critics will face a mission—that is, how to recognize Heathcliff from a different angle and liberate him from the evil image. Therefore, my thesis will put this love tragedy on a background to analyze the distortion of human nature and illustrate Heathcliff’s complicated personal world.

1．具体描述希思克利夫的人性扭曲
 希思克利夫的人性之所以会扭曲，很大一部分归于爱情的挫败。而他只是想寻找一条能实现复仇的道路，因为只有报仇才能抚平他心中的伤痛，使他的整个神经兴奋起来，并且得到一丝丝的快乐。他对凯瑟琳说：If you flatter yourself that I do not perceive it, you are a fool; and if you think I can be consoled by sweet words, you are an idiot; and if you fancy I will suffer unrevenged, I will convince you of contrary, in a very little while…You are welcome to torture me to death for you are amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style.4上面的话强烈地表现了希思克利夫的复仇必将是残忍而且持久的。
1．1残忍的复仇
 希思克利夫爱上了凯瑟琳，这种无法忘记的爱成了他生命的唯一，也使他的人性彻底扭曲。他告诉凯瑟琳，“I love my murderer — but yours! How can I?”5 当爱情不可能实现后，他开始谴责辛德雷和埃德加。他还报复所有那些让他痛苦的人，而后来他的报复范围越来越大。他不仅针对他的敌人，还针对敌人的家人，当然这中间也包括凯瑟琳。
 首先，他利用辛德雷既爱喝酒又爱赌博的特点，用计跟他赌博。果然不出希思克利夫预料，辛德雷输光了所有的现金。这时，希思克利夫就要求他用所有庄园的土地来当赌注。为了能将这疯狂的赌博继续下去，辛德雷豪不犹豫的答应了。而最后这些东西自然全落在了希思克利夫的手里。希思克利夫成了受押人，而辛德雷却因为赌博失去了所有的一切，终日酗酒。在他死后，希思克利夫就顺理成章地继承庄园，成了呼啸山庄的主人。
 其次，他要报复画眉山庄。为了达到这个目的，他就与伊莎贝拉结了婚。从此以后，可怜的伊莎贝拉就成了一个无辜的替罪羔羊，过着痛苦的生活。因为希思克利夫从来就没有爱过她，也从来没有想过她的感受，他只是把她当作报复林惇家族的一个工具。后来希思克利夫告诉凯瑟琳，“If I imagine you really wished me to marry Isabella I’d cut my throat.”6 其实他的目标主要是能与凯瑟琳共同拥有美好的未来，打败埃德加。后来当他发现自己的儿子非常虚弱，甚至有可能比埃德加都要活得短的时候，他就鼓励儿子去追求小凯瑟琳并能与之结婚。只要他们能顺利结婚，那么他就可以合法地拥有画眉山庄了。