基于PLC的温度控制系统设计

论文编号:ZD813    论文字数:17981,页数:61  附开题报告

摘 要
 
 温度是各种工业生产和科学实验中最普遍、也是最重要的热工参数之一。温度控制的精度对产品或实验结果会产生重大的影响。温度控制的模式多样，而PLC可靠性高，抗干扰能力强，易学易用，采用PLC控制是其中一种比较优越的控制。
 本文介绍了基于西门子可编程控制器(PLC)S7-200和组态软件组态王的炉温监控系统的设计方案。硬件方面采用了CPU型号为224的S7-200、K型热电偶和温度模块EM231。热电偶作为温度的采集元件，采集的信号经过EM231的处理后就可把数据送入PLC中进行处理。PLC的程序中采用了位置式PID算法，脉宽调制PWM方式，运用了粗调和细调的思想，程序在不同的温度段使用不同的PID参数，实现温度的自动控制。
 人机界面采用的是国内的一个比较流行的组态王软件。组态王可以实现在线监控。组态项目中制作了曲线画面、报表画面、报警画面和参数监控画面，用户可方便地查询PLC的运行情况、数据采集和在线控制。
 实验结果表明，采用了粗调和细调思想的程序的PLC系统，具有反应速度快，超调量小，调节迅速，精度高等特点。组态王功能强大，操作方便，有助于系统的监视与控制，表明了组态软件的具有很好的发展前景。
 
关键词： 温度控制；可编程控制器；PID；组态王

 Abstract
 
 Temperature is the most universal and important industrial parameter in all kinds of technical produce and scientific experiment. The manipulative precision of temperature will take a great effect on production or experimental result. In many cases，we need to control the temperature of various types of furnace, heat treatment furnaces, reactors .But they are complex and changing .As a result, its control over demand regulator .The mode of temperature control is various. The programmable logic controller(PLC) is Reliable、not easily to be jamming and easily to be learned and used , welcomed by workers and widely used in industry.
 Programmable controller (PLC) is a digital electronic computing operating system, designed for applications in industrial environments designed. It uses a programmable memory for storage in its internal implementation of logic operations, sequence control, timing, calculation and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, control of various types of machinery or the production process.
 Configuration is to use application software to provide the tools, methods, and to complete the works in the course of a specific task. Configuration software applications is broad, it can be applied to power systems, water supply systems, petroleum, chemical and other fields of data acquisition and supervisory control and process control and many other fields. Before the concept of the configuration, in order to achieve a particular task, using the preparation process is achieved. Programming is not only a heavy workload, long and easy to make mistakes, can not guarantee period. The emergence of the configuration software can solve the problem. The Kingview can help complete the task in a few days.
 This thesis mainly introduces a design of temperature control system with SIMATIC programmable logic controller (PLC) S7-200 and the Kingview configuration soft .We use the PLC s7-200 with cup 224、the K type thermocouple and temperature module EM231 as the hardware, and use the V4.0 STEP 7 Micro WIN to programming . The thermocouple can measure the temperature of the stove, and translate the temperature signal to the voltage signal. And then the EM235 will transmit it to the PLC after disposing the signal .This system use positional type PID arithmetic and Pulse-Width Modulation methodology .And the procedure use idea of coarse adjustment algorithm and the fine adjustment algorithm. The procedure will run with different PID parameter in different condition.
 We have designed Human Machine Interface（HMI）with the Kingview  configuration soft which is developed by domestic company . The Kingview can monitor and control the PLC on line. We also have designed several menu ,including the historical curve screen 、the real time curve screen、the data  report forms screen、the alarm screen and parameter monitoring screen. Users can easily query the operation of PLC, data acquisition and on-line control.
 The experimental results show that，the plc can work reliably, stably. The system using coarse adjustment algorithm and the fine adjustment algorithm can get a better result. That is fast response, small overshoot, rapid adjustment, high accuracy. The Kingview is powerful, easy to operate. We can speculate that configuration software will have a good prospect for development.
 
 Keywords：Temperature Control；PLC；PID；KingView
 

目 录
第一章  前  言 1
1.1 课题研究背景 1
1.2 温度控制系统的发展状况 2
1.3本文的研究内容 4
第二章 可编程控制器的概述 5
2.1 可编程控制器的产生 5
2.2 可编程控制器的基本组成 5
第三章  硬件配置和软件环境 8
3.1实验配置 8
3.1.1 西门子S7-200 8
3.1.2 传感器 8
3.1.3 EM 231模拟量输入模块 9
3.2 STEP 7 Micro/WIN32软件介绍 10
3.2.1安装STEP 7-MWIN32 V4.0 10
3.2.2 系统参数设置 12
第四章 控制算法描述 14
4.1 PWM技术 14
4.2 PID控制程序设计 14
4.2.1 PID控制算法 15
4.2.2 PID在PLC中的回路指令 16
4.2.3 PID参数整定 19
第五章 程序设计 21
5.1方案设计思路 21
5.2 程序流程图 23
5.3助记符语言表 24
5.4梯形图 29
第六章 组态画面设计 35
6.1组态软件概述 35
6.2组态王的介绍 35
6.3组态画面的建立 35
6.3.1创建项目 36
6.3.2建立主画面 38
6.3.3建立趋势曲线画面 39
6.3.4建立数据报表 41
6.3.5建立报警窗口 43
6.3.6建立参数监控画面 45
第七章 系统测试 46
7.1启动组态王 46
7.2 参数监控和设定 47
7.3 报警信息提示 48
7.4报表系统查询 49
7.5趋势曲线监控 50
7.5.1实时趋势曲线 50
7.5.2 分析历史趋势曲线 51
第八章 结 论 54
参考文献  55
致 谢  56

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