220V太阳能逆变并网技术的研究

论文编号:DQ008    论文字数:16723,页数:37

摘  要
 随着全球能源的紧缺,以及石化能源的高污染排放,寻找绿色可再生替代型能源已经成为世界各国的首要任务。而太阳能应为其独特的优点，在众多可再生能源中脱颖而出。在太阳能的应用中，光伏并网发电已经逐渐成为太阳能应用的主流。太阳能并网发电系统是通过太阳能电池板将太阳能转化为电能，再通过并网变流器将直流电变为与网电同频同相的交流电，并将交流电回馈给市电网。在太阳光线充足时，太阳能发出的电可供负载使用，而不需要网电提供；太阳能发电电量达不到需要的量时或在阳光并不充足时，可以由控制部分进行自动调节，通过电网给予补充。并网逆变器是太阳能并网发电系统的核心技术，其效率的高低、可靠性的好坏将直接影响并网型系统的性能和投资。本文提出了1kw太阳能并网逆变器的系统设计方案，然后对逆变器的工作原理以及控制策略进行了分析,文中还对于常用太阳能电池阵列的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术、锁相技术（PLL）进行了研究与讨论。并用MATLAB仿真了单相光伏并网系统。

关键词 太阳能、并网、逆变器、最大功率点跟踪、锁相

Abstract
 With worldwide lack of energy sources and the proliferation of fossil oil contamination, many countries around the world are actively searching for new green and renewable energy sources as a priority. By the virtue of unique characters and advantages, the solar source is provocative of those renewable sources. Among the application of solar source, the grid-connected solar energy generates electricity system are turning to the main form of the solar energy application.
 The grid-connected solar energy generate electricity system can transform solar energy into electricity energy through the solar cell board, and can change the direct current(DC) into alternating current(AC) which has the same frequency and phase with the grid, and feed back to the grid. When the sunlight is sufficient, the load can be powered by solar energy, without drawing any energy from the grid. At the time that sunlight is not sufficient to generate enough power for the load, the control system will automatically take action to draw energy from the grid to overcome the shortage.
 The core technology of grid-connected solar electric system exists in the design of the grid-connected convertor, whose efficiency and reliability will influence the performance of the whole system. So, an efficient converter suiting for grid-connected solar energy station is proposed in the thesis.
 The paper first proposed a system design of the 1kw solar energy Grid-Connected Converter, and then conducted a analysis to the system’s working principle and control strategy. The article also elaborated the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology the Phase Lock Technique, at the same time using the MATLAB software to simulate the single phase solar energy grid-connected system 
 
Keywords Solar energy、grid-connected、MPPT、PLL

目 录
摘要. II
1 前言..1
 1.1研究的背景以及意义...1
 1.1.1  光伏发电的基本原理.....1
  1.1.2  光伏发电的优点. ...2
 1.1.3  光伏发电局限性.  ..2
 1.1.4  光伏发电未来展望 . ..3
2 光伏并网发电系统的分析 .. ..4
 2.1  光伏并网发电的分类  ... 4
 2.1.1  可调度式，不可调度式   ....4
 2.2  光伏逆变器的结构与分类.  ........6
 2.2.1  并网逆变器的结构拓扑   .6
 2.2.2  输出电流的控制方式 ...8
3  并网逆变器系统设计.. .10
 3.1  逆变器系统技术条件 . 10
 3.2  逆变器的选择   10
 3.3  控制系统设计 13
 3.4  单相光伏并网系统的MATLAB仿真   15
4  最大功率点跟踪的实现  .17
 4.1  最大功率点跟踪的基本原理    ...17
 4.2  光伏电池组最大功率点跟踪方法...21
5  软件锁相环的研究. .27
 5.1  锁相环技术的发展和应用 .... 27
 5.2  锁相环的工作原理及其数学模型... . 27
6  总结  .30
致谢    ..31
参考文献   . 32

相关论文