无刷直流电机控制器的设计与实现

论文编号:DQ061    论文字数:19830,页数:40

摘  要
 永磁无刷直流电动机是近些年来发展起来的一种新型电机，其利用电子换相技术代替直流电动机电刷换向的机电一体化产品。它既具有一般直流电动机的运行效率高、起动转矩大、调速范围广和机械特性为线性等优点，又具有交流电动机的结构简单、运行可靠、维护方便等优点。
 本系统设计是利用调压调速，根据调整供电PWM电源的占空比进而调整电压的方式实现。本设计采用无刷直流电机专用控制芯片MC33035，它能够对霍尔传感器检测出的位置信号进行译码,它本身更具备过流、过热、欠压、正反转选择等辅助功能, 组成的系统所需外围电路简单，设计者不必因为采用分立元件组成庞大的模拟电路,使得系统的设计、调试相当复杂,而且要占用很大面积的电路板。
 MC33035这种集成芯片也可以方便地完成无刷直流电动机的正反转、运转起动以及动态制动、过流保护、三相驱动信号的产生、电动机转速的简易闭环控制等。利用专用集成芯片构成的无刷直流电机控制系统，具有集成度高、速度快及完善的保护功能等特点。驱动电路结构简单，因而整个线路外围元件少、走线简单，可大大减小逆变器体积。
关键词：无刷直流电机;MC33035;控制电路;驱动电路

Abstract
Brushless DC motor with permanent excitation is a new special motor developing in recent year, which changes its phases through the electronic units.It is a production which includes the feature of mechanics and electrical engineering.This new motor has not only the same good characteristics of seed control,high efficiency and high rise torque as traditional DC motor,but also the same good characteristics of simple structure,stable reliability,easy maintainance of AC Motor Brushless DC motors.
This system design is presses the velocity modulation using the accent, supplies power the PWM power source's dutyfactor then regulation voltage way according to the adjustment to realize. This design uses not brushes direct current machine special-purpose control chip MC33035, it can the position signal which examines to the Hall sensor carry on the decoding, it has the overflow, overheated, the undervoltage, to reverse the choice and so on auxiliary function, the composition system needs the peripheral circuit to be simple, the designer does not need, because uses the discrete component composition huge analogous circuit, causes system's design, the debugging to be quite complex, moreover must take the very big area the circuit wafer.
The MC33035 this kind of integration chip may also complete conveniently not brushes the direct current motor to reverse, the revolution starting as well as the dynamic braking, the overflow protection, the three-phase driving signal production, the electric motor rotational speed simple closed-loop control and so on. Uses the special-purpose integrated chip constitution not to brush the direct current machine control system, has the integration rate to be high, speed quick and characteristics and so on perfect protection function. The driving circuit structure is simple, thus the entire line periphery part few, walks the line to be simple, may reduce the invertor volume greatly.
Keywords：Brushless DC motor;MC33035 control circuit;drive circuit

摘  要 I
Abstract II
1  绪论 1
1.1  引言 1
1.2  无刷直流电动机国内外研究概况 2
1.3  无刷直流电动机的发展历史 4
1.4  无刷直流电机的展望 4
2  无刷直流电机的原理与结构 5
2.1  直流无刷电机的优越性 5
2.2  无刷直流电机的原理 5
2.3  无刷直流电动机结构 6
2.4  基本工作原理 8
2.4  无刷直流电机的驱动 10
3  无刷直流电机的控制原理 12
 3.1  三相永磁直流无刷电动机的转子位置传感器 12
 3.2  无刷电机的驱动控制 13
 3.3  无刷直流电机的控制器部分 14
3.3.1  采用无刷专用芯片MC33035的控制器 14
3.3.2   MC33035功能介绍 17
 3.4  功率开关管的选取 18
 3.5  转子位置反馈 18
4  控制电路设计 20
 4.1  电机控制电路的设计 20
 4.2　转子位置检测 21
 4.4  无刷直流电机的控制结构 23
 4.5  电源 24
 4.6  直流无刷电机控制原理 25
 4.7  原理图和PCB 26
5   protel的简单使用 28
5.1  原理图设计 28
 5.1.1  新建设计数据库 28
 5.1.2  方便的文件查找功能 29
 5.1.3  直接浏览原理图库器件 29
 5.1.4  文本字符在线编辑 30
 5.1.5  器件标号的重新注释 30
 5.1.6   产生元件类和网络类 30
5.2  PCB设计 30
 5.2.1  层管理功能 30
 5.2.2  强大的机械层管理 31
 5.2.3  设计规则 31
 5.2.4  增强的元件布局 31
 5.2.5  在PCB中修改元件封装 32
 5.2.6  放置工具条增加功能（Place） 33
7  总  结 34
致 谢 35
参考文献 36

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