某住宅小区供配电系统设计

论文编号:DQ162   论文字数:18181,页数:44

摘  要
 随着人类社会的进步与发展，社会生活逐渐向机械化智能化发展，随之带来的能源需求也越发增大，尤其是电力能源的需求已经成为生活工作中无法忽视的关键因素。电力是应用最广泛、最方便、最清洁的一种二次能源。当今常规电力主要是由一次能源，以及水能、核能、风能、地热能、太阳能、海洋能等新能源和可再生能源通过发电设备转换而成，再经过传输、变电和配电系统送达用户消费。电力工业属于公共事业，是国民经济重要的基础产业。
 目前，小区式的住宅方式已经在城市中得到普及，电能的安全稳定供应成为人们工作生活得以正常持续的基础，因此供配电系统设计，应着眼于安全、可靠、优质、经济的基本要求，立足于节能、低碳和可持续发展的理念，符合人们高品质的物质文化需求。
 本设计首先对该住宅小区进行负荷计算，选择相应的变压器台数和容量，从而确定其具体的供电系统。再对其初选的系统进行相应的短路计算和高低压设备的选择及校验，选择和校验高低压线路，简单地进行继电保护和接地防雷保护设置的说明。最后得出具体的该住宅小区供电系统的线路图。

关键词：供配电；负荷计算；变压器；短路电流；开关柜

Abstract
With the progress and development of human society, social activities are developing into mechanization and intelligence gradually. So the energy demands are increasing, especially the demand of the electrical energy which has already been the critical factors in our daily life. Electric power is one of the easiest, cleanest and the most widely used secondary energy source. Today the conventional power is converted from the primary energy, renewable energy and new energy, such as water power, nuclear energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy and ocean energy through the generating equipments, then it can be consumed through the system of electricity transmission, electricity transformation and power distribution. Electric power industry belongs to the public utility. It is an important basic industry in the national economy.
Recently, the residential area is very common in cities. The safety supply of electrical power should be the foundation of normal work life. Thus the power supply system design should be focused on the safety, the economy, the high quality and reliability, based on the ideas of energy-saving, low carbon and sustainable development, and conformed to the high-quality material and cultural needs.
Firstly, this design load calculates the residence community, then chooses the sets and the capacity of the transformers appropriately, thereby that specific power supply system can be ensured. Secondly the first system is short circuit calculated, and then the high-voltage device and lines are chosen and calibrated, also the relay protection and the grounding lightning protection setting will be stated simply. Finally the specific power supply system wiring diagram will be reached.

Keywords：power supply；load calculation；transformers；short circuit calculate；switch cabinet

目 录
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………..Ⅱ
1 绪论……………………………………………………………………………………………..1
 1.1 概述……………………………………..……………….……...………………..….……1
 1.2 设计意义……………………………………..…….………………………….…….........1
 1.3 设计内容…………………………………………...…………………………………..…1
 1.4 研究的方法与技术路线…………………………………...………..……………………2
  1.4.1研究方法……………………………………….…………………………….…….2
  1.4.2技术路线………………………………………….………………….…………….2
2 设计原始资料………………………………...…..…………………..…..…………………...3
 2.1 工程概况………………………………...……………...………………………..….……3
 2.2 负荷统计表………………………………...…………...……………………….……......3
 2.3 供用电协议………………………………...…………..…………………………………4
 2.4 水文气象条件…………………………………...…………..……………………………4
3 供电系统负荷统计………………………………………...………………………………...5
 3.1 供配电系统设计的规范要点………………………………...……...…………..….……5
 3.2 电力负荷的分类和分级…………………………………………...…...……….……......5
  3.2.1一级负荷……………………………………………………...……………………5
  3.2.2二级负荷……………………………………………………….…………………..5
  3.2.3三级负荷……………………………………………………….…………………..5
  3.2.4负荷统计……………………………………………………….…………………..5
 3.3 负荷计算方法的选择及其计算…………………………………………...………......…6
  3.3.1负荷计算方法的选择……………………………………………….……………..6
  3.3.2负荷计算所需公式………………………………………………….……………..6
  3.3.3各级负荷的计算…………………………………………………….……………..8
 3.4 计算负荷的校验………………………………………………………………...………10
4 变压器的选择……………………………………………………………...………………...11
 4.1 变压器类型的选择………………………………...…………………………...….……11
 4.2 变压器台数与容量选择…………………………………...………………….….…......11
  4.2.1变压器台数选择原理…………………………….…...………………………….11
  4.2.2变压器台数的选择……………………………………………….……………....12
  4.2.3变压器容量选择的基本原理…………………………………….……………....12
  4.2.4变压器容量…………………………………………………….………………....12
 4.3 无功功率补偿装置的选择…………………………...…………………………………13
 4.4 10kV侧的功率损耗………………………………………………………..……………14
  4.4.1变压器功率损耗……………………………………….…………………..……..14
  4.4.2电缆的功率损耗……………………………………….…………………………15
5 系统主接线及馈电回路分布方式…………...…………………………………………..17
 5.1 系统主接线………………………………………………………………...……………17
 5.2 变馈电回路分布………………………………………………………………...………18
6 短路电流计算……………………………………………………………………….….……19
 6.1 短路电流计算方法的选择………………………………………...……………………19
 6.2 短路电流计算…………………………………………………………...………………19
 6.2.1两台变压器分列运行情况下的短路电流………………………….……..……..20
 6.2.2两台变压器并联运行情况下的短路电流………………………….……...…….22
7 高低压设备的选择及校验………………………………………………………………...24
 7.1 高压设备选择的原则…………………………………...………………………………24
 7.2 低压电器选择的原则………………………………………...…………………………24
 7.3 高压开关柜的型号选择…………………………………………...……………………24
 7.3.1高压进线开关柜的选择……………………………………….…………………25
 7.3.2高压出线开关柜的选择………………………………………….……………....25
 7.4 各部分高压开关的选择与校验……………………………………………...…………26
 7.4.110kV侧进线开关柜设备的选择与校验………………………………………….26
 7.4.210kV侧出线开关柜设备的选择与校验……………………………………….....27
 7.5 380V低压开关柜的选择………………………………………………….….................27
 7.6 380V低压开关柜设备的选择与校验…………………………………………………..28
 7.7 各部分导线和电缆截面的选择与校验……………………………………...…………28
 7.7.110kV高压架空线的选择与校验……………………………………………….....28
 7.7.210kV高压电缆的选择与校验…………………………………………..………...29
 7.7.310kV侧高压母线的选择与校验……………………………………..…………...30
 7.7.4380V侧低压母线的选择与校验…………………………………..……………...31
8 继电保护……………………………………………………………………………………...32
 8.1 10kV架空线路保护装设原则………………………………………………………...…32
 8.2 整定保护计算与继电器的选择……………………………….......……………………32
9 防雷与接地保护………………………………………………...……………...…………...34
 9.1 防雷保护………………………………………………………………………...………34
 9.2 变电所公共接地装置的设计………………………………………………………...…35
 9.2.1接地电阻的要求……………………………………………………………….....35
 9.2.2接地装置的设计………………………………………………………………….35
 9.2.3校验接地装置的短路热效应………………………………………………….....36
10 总结……………………………………………………………………………………..……37
致谢………………………………………………………………………………………….........38
参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………...39

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