卡式远传及计量收费管理设计

论文编号:ZD1184   论文字数:25622,页数:49

摘      要

随着智能化住宅的兴起与迅速发展，对智能化住宅小区的现代化物业管理提出了更多更高的要求，其物业管理的手段也是住宅小区智能化的一个重要组成部分。目前，我国仍采用人工查电表、水表、煤气表的形式，这种查表方式不仅费时、费工，而且存在滞后，给国家和电部门造成了相当大的损失，还会给小区智能小区管理部门和用户之间带来许多矛盾。
 IC卡表、有线远传抄表是目前国内外普遍采用的户外能耗计量方式，耗费大量人员的工作时间和电能。然而，上述系统在现阶段市场上的产品从技术上和质量上不能满足用户需要。因此设计采用卡式远传及计量收费管理，使卡式计量管理成为另一种切实可行的方案。
    本设计集单片机技术、自动控制技术、传感器技术、电子技术、通信技术、网络技术于一体，产品科技含量高，适用于城市小区水、电、气三费的计量收费管理。本设计将三表集成为一体，降低了体积、成本、功耗，并提高了可靠性。系统采用IC卡作媒介，摆脱了线缆的束缚，既可以节省铺设线缆的昂贵开支，避免线缆端口的不可靠性，同时又可以满足计算机在一定范围内任意更换地理位置的需要。利用IC卡传递信息使系统实现灵活组网，一户一卡，极大地方便了用户和物业管理部门，是实现集中统一管理的理想设计。这样一来，一个庞大的收费抄表工作人员队伍将消失，代之以物业管理和设计维护队伍，改变了职工队伍层次，有利于加强管理，并且极大的方便了用户。

关键字：IC卡   单片机   仪表系统

Abstract
 With the rise and quick development of the small intelligence residence area, the movre and higher requirements are put forward as to manage the small residence area toward intelligence, the means to manage it is also an important part wich constitues the small intelligence residence area.At present,out country still adopts the artificial ways to check the electricity,water and gas meter,,the method not only takes a lot of time ans wastes work but also results in the bigger error between checking ans accepting date and the longger period that copies meter,as a result,the date between total meters and part meters differ very far,and exsit time leg,and causea a great deal of loss both in the unit and in the nation;furthermore,it can bring about conflicts between consumers and managements.
   IC card and the Wired Remote Meter Reading System are the ways to measure the outdoor energy loss which are adopted widely both at home and abroad.However, the above system can’tsatisfy the customer demand from the technique and the quality on current market.Therefore, the Wireless Remote Meter Reading System becomes a good means to realize the measurement of the energy loss and also one of a better way in the Automatic Remote Meter Reading System.
   This design makes one body from SCM Techology,Automation Controller Techology,transducer Techology,Electronics,Communications Techology and Network Techology, which has a high science and techology content.It is applicable for the measure of water, electricity,and gas meter in the section of city.
   This design makes three forms into an integral whole, and decreases the physical volume, cost,loss and increases the realiability.In the fore direction passage,behind face passage,person machine passage,correspond passage the system adopts a large quantity of measures to quarantee the low loss of the whole machine .To realize the safety communication the system adopts a kind of crytogram algorithm according to the dynamic characteristic of cell nerve network.The system makes meduium with the wireless electric wave, and can get away from the tie of the line.The system also can save the lines expensive expenditure of paving line,and avoids the unrealiability of the line port,and can again satisfy the computer to move arbitrarily within the certain scopes at the same time.The design can form the net flexiblely by making use of the IC cards communicate module and makes the communication easy between customers and the management system. The design is an ideal method to realize the unified management.

Keywords: IC cards  MicroController Unit  Appearance system
 
 
目  录
 
第一章  绪论………………………………………………………………….1
1．1   论文的来源…….………………………………………………………...1                   
1．2   论文选题的意义………………………………………………………. ..1
1 . 3 论文的主要研究内容…………………………………………………….2
1. 4   发展概况…………………………………………………………………3
第二章    方案论证……………………………………………………………..3
2．1   执行器方案………………………………………………………………3   
2．2   微处理器方案…………………………………………………………... 4                     
2．3   传感器方案………………………………………………………………5                      
2．4   IC卡方案……………………………………………………………….. 6  
第三章    下位机硬件原理与实现……………………………………………. 7
3．1   AT89C2051系列单片机………………………………………………....7 
3.1.1  AT89C2051微控制器管脚结构图……………………………………….8
3.1. 2   AT89C2051主要功能特性………………………………………………9
3.1.3  AT89C2051单片机内部逻辑结构特点………………………………….9
3.1.4  89C51单片机复位电路最小系统的设计……………………………….10
3.1.5  AT89C2051微器控制内部结构………………………………………….11
3.1.6  存储器内部结构………………………………………………………. . 12
3.1. 7  程序计数器PC…………………………………………………………....12           
3．2   AT24C02芯片…………………………………………………………...13                     
3．3   IC卡接口设计…………………………………………………………...20                     
3．4   磁保持继电器………………………………………………………….. 24 
3．5   磁保持阀……………………………………………………………….. 25
3．6   舌（干）簧管舌簧管继电器…………………………………………...25        
3．7   备用电源……………………………………………………………….. 26 
3．8   键盘及其接口技术……………………………………………………...26
第四章    下位机工作原理及软件设计……………………………………….28
第五章    物业管理中心主机软件设计……………………………………….29
5．1物业管理中心主机软件功能………………………………………………29             
5．2物业管理中心各部分功能的简介…………………………………………30
第六章   结束语…………………………………………………………………35
致谢………………………………………………………………………………..36     
参考文献…………………………………………………………………………..37    
附录一  程序清单………………………………………………………………..38
附录二  硬件图…………………………………………………………………..44
附录三  流程图…………………………………………………………………..45 

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