微机无功补偿装置设计

论文编号:ZD790  论文字数:23271,页数:48  有开题报告和中期检查

摘 要
 本文提出了采用一种重要的FACTS设备之一静态无功补偿器(SVC)来改善电网无功电压控制的方案。晶闸管控制电抗器(TCR)型静止无功补偿装置(SVC)由于其对快速波动负荷补偿的良好效果，成为近年来无功补偿的热点。这种无功补偿设备目前己越来越多地应用在国内外其它电力系统中，而且今后还有着广阔的应用前景。本文着重分析了SVC控制器的组成和它进行电压控制的原理。磁阀式可控电抗器是一种新型的无功补偿设备，它具有近似线性的伏安特性，很小的谐波成分，较快的响应速度，是电网进行无功补偿和电压调整的首选设备。本文采用以单片机为核心的设计控制器。包括检测电路、控制电路、触发电路、键盘显示电路和通信电路等。检测电路用于检测变压器二次侧的电压和电流并获取同步信号;控制电路根据相应的控制策略，对检测信号和给定输入量进行计算，给出控制信号;触发电路根据控制信号输出的控制信号产生相应触发角的晶闸管触发脉冲;键盘可用来输入各种控制指令，显示电路可以直观的输出系统的各种状态;通信电路提供与控制站的数据交换，以便实现电力系统的集中控制。最后，介绍了整个控制装置的软件和硬件实现，并详细叙述了所采用的措施和方法。在控制器硬件电路的基础上，利用C语言进行软件编程实现了控制器对装置的自动控制。
 
 
 关键词：静态无功补偿器；晶闸管控制电抗器；磁阀式可控电抗器；单片机
 
 
Abstract
 In order to improve the voltage control techniques, an advanced scheme based on a thyristor-controlled FACTS device-namely SVC is introduced in this thesis. Static Var Compensator(SVC) based on Thyristor Controlled Reactor(TCR) has good compensation-performance for rapid changing load, so it has become a hotspot in recent years. The SVCs are so effective that they have been used widely and likely to be selected for new applications. This systems, thesis is focused primarily on various components of SVC control and protection as well as the operating principles and the control techniques of voltage regulation for SVC's controllers. Magnetic valve controllable reactor is a newly reactive power compensation device. It has an approximate linear A-V characteristic，less harmonics and relative less response time. It is the first device in the area of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. This paper presents a controller with an Single Chip Microcomputer as the core. It consists of measure circuit, control circuit, trigger circuit, keyboard, display circuit and communicating circuit. The measuring circuit is to measure the secondary voltages and currents of transformer and capture the synchronous signal; the control circuit is to calculate the control outputs with the measured signal and the input parameter according the relevant control scheme; the trigger circuit products the pulses to trigger the thyristors with the control outputs; user can input control instruction with the keyboard; and the display circuit can show states of the system intuitionisticly; communicating circuit provides the data to control station, this can realize the concentrative control. Finally, the paper introduces the software and hardware realization of the device. On this hardware platform, automatic control of the equipment is realized by programming in the C language.
 
 Key words：Static Var Compensator；Thyristor Controlled Reactor ；Magnetic valve controllable reactor；Single Chip Microcomputer
 
目 录
 目 录 III
 第1章 绪 论 1
1.1 无功功率的基本概念及研究意义 1
1.2 无功功率对电力系统的影响 2
1.3 电力系统无功电源与无功负荷 3
1.4 无功功率补偿的作用 5
1.5 无功功率补偿装置 6
1.6 动态无功功率补偿 7
1.7 论文主要内容 8
 第2章 控制方案设计 9
2.1 静止无功功率补偿器 9
2.2 晶闸管可控制电抗器的基本原理 10
2.3 晶闸管控制电抗器与固定式电容器配合使用 12
2.4 磁阀式可控电抗器的原理及控制方程 13
2.5 控制方式 17
 第3章 控制系统的硬件设计 18
3.1 控制总方案 18
3.2 控制电路 19
3.3 数据采集电路 26
3.4 同步信号检测 29
3.5 晶闸管控制电路 30
3.6 键盘／显示电路 31
3.7 开关量输入/输出电路 33
3.8 通信电路 34
 第4章 程序设计 36
4.1 主程序 36
4.2 自检子程序 36
4.3 键盘扫描程序 39
4.4 通信程序 40
4.5 触发角控制程序 41
4.6  电压稳定程序 42
 第5章 结论 43
 参考文献 44
 致 谢 45
 附 录1 魇文 46
 附 录2 翻译 50
 附 录3 程序 53
 附 录4 原理图 59

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