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Exercise W1ª¤
Two examples are given for each item. The controlling idea is underlined Your controlling ideas may be different.
1. Owning a car has many advantages.
The disadvantages of owning a car are many.ª¤
2. The reason a person lives in a remote area may be one of the following.
A person who lives in a remote area may face many problems.
1. Before applying to a foreign university, one should consider the disadvantages of studying abroad.
The advantages of studying abroad outweigh the disadvantages.
4. Car accidents can be avoided or minimized if the driver takes certain precautions.ª¤
Although a person thinks it is safe at home, many different kinds of accidents occur there.ª¤
5. An international airport is divided into different sections.
There are several kinds of airports.ª¤
6. Teachers can list many reasons why students are absent from their classes.
Absenteeism causes the employer many problems.ª¤
7. Taking exams is required of all students, and to do their best, students
should use the following methods to prepare themselves.ª¤
One should follow these procedures when taking an exam.ª¤
8. Computers have brought many changes to our way of life. Many educational games can be played on computers.ª¤
9. Rice can be prepared in many ways.ª¤
Rice can be put to many uses.ª¤
10. Preparing to go camping is easy when you organize your trip using
these steps.ª¤
Camping has changed in many ways.ª¤
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Exercise W2ª¤
The following topic sentences are only examples. Your sentences may be different.
1. This is a strong topic sentence.ª¤
2. This is a weak topic sentence because the rest of the paragraph
describes what the writer does when he or she goes to the beach. A better topic sentence would be: “Whenever I have the opportunity to go to the beach, I always follow the same routine.”ª¤
3. This is a weak topic sentence because the rest of the paragraph describes the various ways students can get to class. A better topic sentence would be: “For the many students who cannot afford a car, there are several alternative ways of getting to class.”ª¤

Exercise W3
These are only examples. Your topic sentences may be different.ª«ª¤
1. A dormitory room is cold and impersonal until several changes have been made to make it more inviting.ª¤
2. American telephone books are divided into several sections.ª¤
3. The fast-food restaurant has become popular for various reasons.ª¤
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Exercise W4ª¤
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1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. Cª¤
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Exercise W5ª¤ª¤
1. Students who need extra money can hold down a fulltime temporary job during their summer vacation.ª¤
2. A person can also meet other people by going to parties.ª¤

3. In my opinion, people should write clearly.ª¤
ª«Note:ª« The possible correct answers for Exercises W6-W7 are so varied that you might wish to discuss your answers with a fluent English speaker.ª¤
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Exercise W6ª¤
These supporting ideas are based on the examples given in the Answer Key for Exercise W1. Yours may be different.ª«ª¤
1. ¢ñ. disadvantages of owning a carª¤
A. expensive to buyª¤
B. expensive to maintainª¤
C. difficult to park
D. causing air pollution and traffic jams
2. ¢ñ. reasons for living in a remote areaª¤
A. get away from city noiseª¤
B. live in unpolluted areaª¤
C. remaining where one has been bornª¤
D. be closer to natureª¤
3. ¢ñ. disadvantages of studying abroadª¤
A. far from family and friendsª¤
B. difficulty in understanding a foreign languageª¤
C. more expensiveª¤
D. hard to get home in an emergencyª¤
4. ¢ñ. kinds of home accidentsª¤

A. fallsª¤
B. poisoningª¤
C. burnsª¤
D. cutsª¤
5. ¢ñ. kinds of airportsª¤
A. internationalª¤
B. nationalª¤
C. ruralª¤
D. privateª¤
6. ¢ñ. problems caused by absenteeismª¤
A. lost productionª¤
B. missed deadlinesª¤
C. mistakes made by substitutesª¤
D. expenses for training substitutesª¤
7. ¢ñ. methods to prepare for taking examsª¤
A. study on a regular basisª¤
B. review appropriate materialª¤
C. anticipate questionsª¤
D. get good night's sleep the night beforeª¤
8. ¢ñ. changes brought by computersª¤
A. better telephone servicesª¤
B. information easier to obtainª¤
C. easier inventory procedures in businessesª¤
D. helpful in educationª¤
9. ¢ñ. ways to prepare riceª¤
A. rice with vegetablesª¤
B. fried riceª¤
C. curried riceª¤
D. rice saladª¤
10. I. steps to organize a camping tripª¤
A. make a list of necessary items to takeª¤
B. get maps of areaª¤
C. have car in good conditionª¤
D. check weather reportª¤

Exercise W7ª¤
These are only a few examples. Your paragraphs will be different. Have a fluent English speaker check your paragraphs.
1. The disadvantages of owning a car are many. First, they are much more expensive to buy than bikes or motorcycles. After having purchased a car, the owner is then faced with the expense of maintaining it. Also, it is frequently hard to find a parking place for a car. Last but not least, the increasing number of cars will lead to more serious air pollution and traffic jams, especially in large cities. ª¤
2. The reasons a person lives in a remote area may be one of the following. Cities are usually very noisy, and a person may want to get away from the noise. Another attraction of a remote area might be that it is unpolluted. If a person was born and raised in a remote area, he or she may want to remain in the place that is best known. Finally, some people like to be closer to nature, and this is easier away from a city.ª¤
3. Before applying to a foreign university, one should consider these disadvantages of studying abroad. First, a student may feel alone by being far from family and friends. Also, difficulty in understanding a foreign language can be very frustrating and can affect the student's grades. It can be very expensive to pay the costs of travel and housing in a different country. Finally, if here is an emergency at home, it is hard to get home in a hurry.
4. Although a person thinks it is safe at home, many different kinds of accidents occur there. Falls are perhaps the most common accident among both young children and older adults. Poisoning is a danger, especially if an adult leaves medicines or cleaning chemicals within the reach of a small child. Burns frequently occur in the kitchen area during meal preparation. Finally, people cut themselves when using kitchen knives, trimming equipment in the yard, and power tools in the workshop or garage.ª¤
5. There are several kinds of airports. From an international airport, flights go to other countries as well as to cities in the same country. A national airport usually only serves the cities within its nation. Rural airports usually link a town with a nearby national airport. Private airports are those on a military base or a hospital. Individuals and companies can own their own private airports.

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1. 1) First, Second, Instead, Third, In contrast, Fourth, Consequently, Finally, But
2) Although, First of all, Furthermore, Once, Second, Sometimes, At other times, Finally, Then
2. for, so, but, and, and, and, however, but, and
3. Television was invented by John Logie Baird. When he was young he built an aeroplane. He tried to fly in it, but it crashed down below. However, Baird was fortunate not to be killed. It did not discourage him. Instead, when he was older he tried to make diamonds from coal. The only result was an enormous explosion. Yet he was not injured. Then, he became a businessman. When his business failed, he thought of working at television. His family advised him not to, but he did not listen to them. He rented an attic, bought the apparatus he needed and started working. Although he worked for a long time, he was not successful. One day he saw a picture on his screen. So he rushed out to get someone he could “televise”. He found an office boy and took him back to his room. However, no image of the boy appeared on his screen. The boy, terrified, had put his head down. When he put it up again, his picture appeared on the screen. That’s how television had been discovered.
4. In the United Stated there is a belief that people are rewarded for working, producing, and achieving. Many people believe that there is equality of opportunity that allows anyone to become successful. This belief is illustrated by stories written by a nineteenth-century American novelist, Horatio Alger, who wrote about the “American Dream”. In his stories he described poor people who became rich because of their hard work, honesty, and luck. The stories reinforced the idea that all individuals, no matter how poor, were capable of becoming wealthy as long as they were honest and hard-working. For many Americans, however, Horatio Alger’s “rags-to-riches” stories do not represent the reality of opportunity. Many poor immigrants who came to the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were able to become rich. Today, however, the poor generally do not rise to the middle and upper classes. That is why the “American Dream” is now described as a myth.
5. There were once a dog and a cat sitting by a kitchen door when the cook came out and threw several pieces of meat to them. They both sprang to get the meat, but the dog was the stronger. He ate it all himself. This was selfishness, by which I mean that the dog cared only for himself. Was this wrong? No, the dog knew no better. But men are different from dogs and follow a different rule of conduct. How miserable we should all be if every person were to care only for himself! We ought to be thankful that we have a higher nature than that of beasts and are able to see and feel the duty of being kind and affectionate to one another. And as we can see and feel this duty, we ought to be very careful always to observe it.