题目（英文）  A Comparative Study of Politeness Between English-and-Chinese Cultures    

题目（中文）  英汉礼貌原则及礼貌用语差异研究                        

Contents

Abstract I

Contents I

Introduction 1

1. Introduction 2

2. Politeness Principle 2

2.1 Definition of politeness 3

2.2 Gu Yueguo'Politeness Principle 4

3. The differences in Politeness Principles between Chinese and English Cultures 5

3.1 Different maxim is chosen because of different culture 5

3.2 Collectivism 5

3.3 Confucianism and Hierarchy 6

4. Conclusion 6

Abstract：This thesis attempts to make a comparative study of politeness between English and Chinese cultures.Politeness Can be realized in a number of ways，among which the use of language is an important one.With the development of pragmatics in the past years，language is used to show-politeness and also the differences between different languages and cultures. 

　　Key words：Politeness principle； Culture difference 

　　 

　　 PART 1、Introduction 

　　Politeness as a social phenomenon can be observed in all languages and cultures，and it has long been made an important object of study in linguistics.The really serious study of politeness in the Western linguistic circles can be traced back to the German Romantic Movement in the early 1920s.In recent years，along with the rapid movement towards pragmatics，politeness has become the central theme.As a common social phenomenon，politeness is not only a universally highly ＆#118alued virtue，but also a widely employed strategy to realize tactful and effective communication.Despite its universality of politeness，the ways to realize politeness，and the standards of judgment differ in difference cultures.Being unaware of such differences would probably lead to trouble or failure in cultural communication. 

　　PART 2、Politeness Principle 

　　（1）Definition of politeness 

　　Politeness is a universal phenomenon in human society.However different linguists and scholars give their different interpretations of politeness.G.Leech introduces the Politeness Principle which runs as follows：Minimize the expression of impolite beliefs，Maximize the expression of polite belief.Leech specified six maxims of the politeness principle which are the means by which on can obtain the degree of politeness required in a certain situation. 

　　1.Tact maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of beliefs which imply cost to other，maximize the expression of beliefs which imply benefit to other 

　　2.The Generosity maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of benefit to self；maximize the expression of cost to self. 

　　3.The Approbation maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of beliefs which express dispraise of other；maximize the expression of beliefs which express approval of other.Other may not be the person directly addressed，but someone or something dear to humor her. 

　　4.The Modesty maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of praise of self；maximize the expression of dispraise of self. 

　　5.The Agreement maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other；maximize the expression of agreement between self and other. 

　　6.The Sympathy maxim 

　　Minimize the expression of detest of other；maximize the expression of sympathy of other.I will make a comparison in politeness principle between China and English- speaking countries according to these maxims. 

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以上为本篇毕业论文范文英汉礼貌原则及礼貌用语差异研究(一)的介绍部分。

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