Commonly, due to the cultural discrepancy, English readers can not folly appreciate the beautifulness of cultural words in Chinese scenic-spot introductions, while amplification is a method to compensate tiie cultural default of target readers. Amplification refers to expounding or annotating the information in the source text which is culturally loaded or full of historical background message, by adding notes sometimes. Anyhow, the explanation added to the target text should be adequate and necessary for foreign readers, understanding of the source text, and it is required to be concise, not wordy.

Indicating the dynasties in the source text is to the attraction with a fairly long history and rich culture. Since there are plenty of dynasties in China which needs great energy to make clear, necessary explanation to the dynasties is recommended in order that the history could be clearly displayed before English readers.

Example(11):(桃花源)始建于晋，初兴于唐，鼎盛于宋，大毁于元，时兴时衰于明 清，萧条于民国,渐复于解放后，大规模修复开发于1990。

The following suggested version is clear with information amplified for readers:

Tao Hua Yuan (the peach flower source) was first built in the Jin Dynasty (256-439 A.D), began to take shape in the Tang Dynasty (618-709), flourished in the Song Dynasty(960-1297), and went to ruin in the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368).With ups and downs through the Ming and the Qing dynasties(1368-1911), it was almost abandoned in the times of the Republic of China(1912-1949). Its restoration was made from the year 1949 on and a large-scale expansion and development began in 1990.(贾文波 2004:138)

3. 4.2Amplification of Place Names

Transliteration is a method frequently adopted when converting Chinese place names into English; anyhow, English readers can hardly get the main idea of names with specific meaning through pinyin, amplification could be an effective way to solve such problems.

Example(12): “仙泉’’ is a Chinese expression maintaining people’s good wishes. If only pinyin :Xian Quan” is adopted in translating the expression, readers would find little interests in visiting the resort. Thus, in the rendering “仙泉” is amplified with such a legend: It is said that a beautiful girl changed herself to be spring water, so it tastes sweet and clear.

3. 4.3Amplification of Historical Figures

There have been numerous historical celebrities in Chinese history, who are familiar with Chinese while totally strangers for English readers. Therefore, their background information needs to be amplified to indicate the time, position, social status, contributions, and etc. For example, “西施” can be rendered as “Xishi, a famous beauty in ancient China of the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C)M; “秦始皇 ” can be translated into “Qin Shihuan” the first emperor in Chinese history who unified China in 221B.C.M. Thus, enlightened by the background knowledge, English readers can appreciate more by knowing about Chinese traditional culture.

3. 4.4 Deletion of the Over-detailed Address and Time

Generally speaking, deletion in Chinese-English translation is used to achieve the effect of succinctness, especially in dealing with excessive words or redundant sentences which exert a negative effect on the target readers. In a culturally loaded tourist text some knowledge that is stunningly familiar to Chinese is out of foreigners' scope of acquisition; some knowledge for Chinese is expected to probe significantly, while for foreigners, it indeed contributes little for the place except to make them struggle to rack their brains for the meaning. In this case, deletion of some information can help foreigners to enjoy the place in relatively limited time.

Deletion of the over-detailed address and time does not mean that visitors are just informed of little-valued information about the scenic spot On the contrary, under the guiding-line of rendering the most communicative and effective materials, tourist text are apt to be understood by foreign visitors by undergoing deletion. Visitors are guaranteed not to miss the sparkling grandeur of the places they are paying sight-seeing to.

Example(13):顺德建县后至明末，陆续增建县城凤山书院、陈村仪庵书院、 梯云书院等。嘉庆至光绪年间，有县城凤山书院、梯云书院、古楼堡金峰书院、 太平村鉴旁书院、小湾乡云津书院、容奇乡容山书院、马冈乡金坡书院、桂洲里 村桂山书院、龙江乡儒林书院、甘竹乡观澜书院、乐从圩葛堡书院、上村乡鹤峰 书院、三华乡余山书院、螯峰书院、星槎乡星槎书院、大洲乡钟山书院、鸡洲乡 西园书舍、陈村西淋书院、马齐乡敦和书院、古粉乡抱真书院等2〇所。

Translation: From the appearance of Shunde county to the end of Qing, there were more than 20 schools being built up one after another.

3. 4.5 Deletion of Quotations

As is elaborated before, poems, essays and celebrated remarks are frequently quoted in Chinese scenic-spot introductions. Although those quotations brought supplementary information as well as aesthetic feelings to Chinese readers, they are redundancy to westerners 

Connor(1996:39) holds that 4These poems, sayings, and allusions are used to ornament or enliven discourse in Chinese writing. But to the western readers they are distractions and make the text lack argumentative coherence” So the deletion of quotations is usually applied to make the version more readable and natural. As the aesthetic quintessence, poem translation has its own rules and standards. In a introductory pamphlet to Water Moon Cave(水月洞）in Guilin, a popular poem written by a recluse of the Song Dynasty is quoted as the following example states.

Example(14):广西桂林的象鼻山下有个水月洞，江水从洞中横贯而过，若乘 小舟缓缓驶入水月洞，便见“水底有明月，水上浮明月，水流月不去，月去水还

流”的绝妙景观。

In the source text, the poem is used to emphasize the tranquil beauty of the scenery and express the author's personal emotions. If the poem is translated in the target text, the translation will appear tautological, and the target readers are likely to feel confused. From this sense, the poem quoted is supposed to be omitted to guarantee a smooth target text, leaving the English a clear and concise world. The translation goes as follows： “The Water Moon Cave, where the water flows through, isolated in the Elephant Trunk Hill, Guangxi. When visitors go into the cave by boat, they can enjoy the silent moon in the running water.”

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