1.2 Objective Conditioning of Aesthetic Subject

As the subject of aesthetic process, translators shoulder dual tasks一decoding the aesthetic elements of original text and encoding the aesthetic elements of the target text. Therefore, the major differences between the west and the east in aesthetic views restrict the translators as well as tourists throughout the practice. According to Lian Shuneng(连淑能)，there are ten pairs of major features of  English and Chinese， mainly involving the differences in grammar, rhetoric, and modes of expression; i.e. synthetic vs. analytic, rigid vs. supple, hypotactic vs. paratactic, complex vs. simplex, impersonal vs. personal, passive vs. active, static vs. dynamic, abstract vs. concrete, indirect vs. direct, and substitutive vs. repetitive.(2006:38-59) Since all those distinctions confined translators from playing dynamic roles, the author are going to probe into the objective conditioning factors in religion, history, and custom which are influential in scenic-spot introductions.

1.2.1 Different Religions

Almost every culture has religious beliefs. In China, the main religions are Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Since the ancient times, Chinese people have believed in them. On the contrary, in western countries like America, Christianity is the dominant religion. People there believe in God. In their mind, God creates the world, and controls everything in the world.

Around China, temples and pagodas can be found everywhere. The perfect combination of the landscape with the religious architecture becomes a special characteristic of Chinese fascinating scenery. Almost every famous mountain is dotted with some temples and pagodas, which add artistic beauty to the natural beauty. These famous attractions which are associated with religious myths, as a rule, always bring more conspicuous appeal to tourists; because from the colorful religious knowledge and many legendary stories in these places, the foreign tourists can trace the growing of Chinese religious belief and explore the sediment of Chinese religious culture. Accordingly, the religious difference has an effect on translation, because a lot of expressions found in Chinese and English originate from their respective religions. Take the names of religious places “达摩院” 、“大士阁” 、“罗汉堂” for example, they contain concepts which are not native to target language; these voids are defined as ^non-existence in one language of a one-word equivalent for a designatory term found in another (Dagut: 1978:45)，the most effective way to deal with such voids is through transcription, if necessary with a note added; the above names are translated individually into “Da Mo Yuan (yard of monks)' “Da Shi Ge (Mahasattva Pavilion)”，“Luo Han Tang (Hall of Arhats )' Transcription can help well retain the exoticism, which may make target text more attractive to the target language readers, and notes can aid readers with comprehension

1.2.2 Different History

History keeps a record of the developing process of a country. China is a country with a long history of over five thousand years. During the historical process, numerous historical events and celebrities makes tourist attractions take on glamour. Throughout the country were many historical remains with fascinating stories, among which are the Imperial Palace, the Great Wall, Qin Shi Huang’s buried sculpture legion, the Yueyang Tower, and etc. These sites are like mirrors reflecting the historical events, which often become the most important contents in the tour materials and attract the foreign tourists. And when translators encounter names with historical influences in scenic-spot introductions, it is better to add background information of those names. Take “Qin Shi Huang’s buried sculpture legion’’ in Shanxi province for example, in order to have foreign tourists make clear the important statue of Emperor Qin Shi Huang in China, the following explanation is a necessity: Qin Shi Huang is the first emperor of Chinese nation. 

Chinese people have also developed a great number of distinctive expressions concerning historical events and figures; such as “红色景点 ’’(Red-Cultural Scenic-Spot) is related with Chinese revolution. Meanwhile, many expressions have no ready counterparts in English, they have to be explained clearly in translations in order to comprehended and appreciated by English readers. For example，“嘉兴南湖红船 ” is the place of the first conference of the CPC Furthermore, it is of little possibility for Chinese people figure out all of the historical events, the historical dates of a specific dynasty, or the names of some historical characters, not to mention foreign tourists. To them, these seem to be an abstruse book which they can never make out.

1.2.3 Different Customs and Conventions

收费专业论文
汉语言文学论文
物理学论文
自动化专业论文
测控技术专业论文
历史学专业论文
机械模具专业论文
金融专业论文
电子通信专业论文
材料科学专业论文
英语专业论文
会计专业论文
行政管理专业论文
财务管理专业论文
电子商务国贸专业
法律专业论文
教育技术学专业论文
物流专业论文
人力资源专业论文
生物工程专业论文
市场营销专业论文
土木工程专业论文
化学工程专业论文
文化产业管理论文
工商管理专业论文
护理专业论文
数学教育专业论文
数学与应用数学专业
心理学专业论文
信息管理专业论文
工程管理专业论文
工业工程专业论文
制药工程专业论文
电子机电信息论文
现代教育技术专业
新闻专业论文
热能与动力设计论文
教育管理专业论文
日语专业论文
德语专业论文
轻化工程专业论文
社会工作专业论文
乡镇企业管理
给水排水专业
服装设计专业论文
电视制片管理专业
旅游管理专业论文
物业管理专业论文
信息管理专业论文
包装工程专业论文
印刷工程专业论文
动画专业论文
营销专业论文范文
工商管理论文范文
汉语言文学论文范文
法律专业论文范文
教育管理论文范文
小学教育论文范文
学前教育论文范文
财务会计论文范文

电子商务论文范文