5.1.1.6 Creation

When the intended effect can not be obtained through all the above strategies, the translator should be creative to express the original meaning.Example: (ST)杭州因有美丽的西湖而成为著名于世的风景旅游城市，北宋词人柳永在《望海潮》一词中写道“:东南形势，…，竞豪奢……(TT)As everybody in China knows that “ In heaven there is paradise; on earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.’ The west lake

of Hangzhou is a holiday paradise in the eyes of the Chinese people and the pride of the oriental civilization.The translator avoids translating the long and obscure poem ofLiu Yong. Instead, he quotes a famous and simple saying, which can realize the same informative purpose of proving the beauty of Hangzhou.

5.1.1.7Omission

When Chinese scenic spot introductions contain superfluous information or too

many flowery descriptions or cultural elements, it is better for translators to omit the

unnecessary and confusing information to achieve the intended function of the target text to ensure the fluency and acceptability of the target texts. Chen Xiaowei (2000: 11)holds that "if omission is sometimes necessary in literary translation, then it is a must  and common method in pragmatic translation."

As is known, Chinese scenic spot introductions contain abundant poems, allusions and the like, which adds artistic tastes to the texts. But it is no doubt that these quotations are not that important to the introductions themselves. Chinese people like to use four-character collocations or well-known verses which Chinese visitors may have no difficulty in understanding, but foreign tourists unfamiliar with Chinese cultures may get lost. Literal translations with some redundant and complicated information retained may hinder the understanding on the part of foreign tourists.  So what is considered as the excellent and natural description in Chinese texts may be regarded as exaggerated and redundant in English versions. As a result, the intended purpose of the target text can hardly be achieved. Such being the case, omission can be applied to two cases of scenic spots introduction: (1)flowery description; (2) literary quotations:

Example :俩树余花、方杳四疵的金桂;花日如雪、杳气扑鼻的银桂; 红里透黄、花朵味浓的紫砂桂;花色似银、季季有花的四季桂;竞相开放、争艳媲美。进入桂林公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。

The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees.Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom, which pervades the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.Flowery writing style is demonstrated vividly in the above example.“芳香四溢”“香气扑鼻.”，“花朵味浓”，“花白如雪”，“红里透黄，'and'‘花色似银，，are the scent of the flowers and the colors of the Sweet Osmanthus. Chinese descriptive of people like to make words and texts sound melodious so that they can enjoy both the visual and auditory beauty. But for foreign tourists, different cultural backgrounds. Therefore,such feelings may not come up because of it is more appropriate to combine some of the four-character expressions and translate them into a sentence, "Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom”This adaptation is more acceptable to target readers.

5.2 Translation theories applied cross-cultural awareness

Different cultural backgrounds cause different process during which concrete things are produced to abstract language. It is wildly believed that language itself has its specific meaning. As a matter of fact, the meaning depends on people not word or phrase. What word has only the pragmatic meaning, because people determine the meaning of the text based on their historical and cultural background and their experience in their lives. 

Different cultural aspects are always involved in tourism interpretation, and the process of tourism interpretation is also cross-cultural communication. If the cultural factors can be interpreted for the foreign visitors in a better way, it s beneficial to convey the cultural connotation of the scenic spot and it can be the communication more effective. There are many scenic spots in China, to show the beautiful scenery and traditional Chinese culture to the world.

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以上为本篇毕业论文范文On the Translation of Scenic Spots' Introduction(八)的介绍部分。

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